Term
| incidence rate in population during a specified time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| proportion of persons in a defined population affected at any one time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of new events occuring in a given population in a unit of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| constant or usual presence of an infection in a community |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unusual number of cases occur in a given time and geographic area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primary case of an illness that may serve as a source of infection to others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| multiplication of a microorganism in a host accompanied by an immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| person, animal or material where an infectious agent exists and multiplies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| graphic illustration of cases of infection or disease by day of epidemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| systematic collection of data pertaining to the occurrences of specific diseass, analyses and interpretation of the data and dissemination of processed information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| principles of disease control and prevention (4) |
|
Definition
| alteration of reservoir/vector, isolating/treating active cases, raising immunity level, prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most definitive and expensive, follow a group over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| retrospective study to find risk factors |
|
|
Term
| cross=sectional or prevalence study |
|
Definition
| exam of occurence of disease or risk factor in population at a point in time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of circumstances of infection/disease occuring in a population |
|
|
Term
| experimental epidemiology |
|
Definition
| planned experiments to control influence of extraneous factors among those exposed to an etiological factor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systematic testing of blood for a defined population for presence of antibodies, antigens, genetic markers, and cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
| steps of outbreak investigation (10) |
|
Definition
| prepare field work; establish existnece of outbreak; verify diagnosis; establish case definition; describe/orient data in terms of person,place, time; develop a hypothesis; evaluate hypothesis using statistics; refine hypothesis; implement control/prevention methods; communicate findings to health authorities |
|
|
Term
| steps of investigating a foodborne outbreak of diarrhea (6) |
|
Definition
| determine outbreak occured; cluster cases for time/common exposure; define the common exposure; establish an incubation perior for food poisoning; do formal food histories of those exposed; isolate organism from food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention of exogenously-acquired infection; active/passive immunization; chemoprophylaxis; directed to single organism; long lasting effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevention of an endogenously acquired infection; surgical chemoprophylaxis w/ antimicrobials; directed to many organisms; short lasting effect; alteration of body flora |
|
|
