Term
Study of the occurrence and distribution of disease
Person
Place
Time
Hypothesis generating
Cross sectional studies
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Definition
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Term
A type of prevalence study.
Exposure and disease measures obtained at the individual level.
Single period of observation.
Exposure and disease histories collected simultaneously.
Both probability and non-probability sampling methods used. |
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Definition
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Term
Surveys of smokeless tobacco use among high school students.
Prevalence surveys of the number of vasectomies performed.
Prevalence of congenital malformations across maternal age groups.
... THESE ARE ALL WHAT KIND OF STUDIES? |
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Definition
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Term
-Uses comparison groups to quantify relationships between exposure and outcomes
-Identifies factors associated with disease to identify populations at risk
-Hypothesis testing
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Definition
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Term
What are the 2 types of Analytical Epi? What is the comparison term used with each respective type? |
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Definition
Cohort Case-study Relative risk (cohort) Odds Ratio (Case-study) |
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Term
| group members experience a common exposure associated with a specific setting or they share a non-specific exposure associated with a general classification |
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Definition
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Term
| What are teh two strategies for Cohort Studies? |
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Definition
The two strategies are population-based samples and exposure-based samples.
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Term
-The cohort includes either an entire population or a representative sample of the population. -The framingham study |
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Definition
| Population-based Cohort Studies |
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Term
Best for analyzing exposures in a small
well-defined population
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Definition
| Exposure-based Cohort Studies |
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Term
The predictor variable is measured before the outcome has occurred
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Definition
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Term
reconstructed with data on the predictor variable (measured in the past) and data on the outcome collected (measured in the past after some follow-up period)
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Definition
| Retrospective Cohort Study |
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Term
Total # of people who were exposed and became ill
Total # of people who were exposed # of people who were not exposed but still ill
Total # of people who were not exposed
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Definition
Attack Rate of Exposed Attack rate of unexposed |
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Term
Attack rate for people who were exposed to the item
Attack rate for those who were not exposed
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Definition
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Term
A RR of <1 indicates ? RR=1 indicates? |
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Definition
a negative association
No association one way or the other. (neg or pos) |
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Term
What do we use to test teh statistical significance of our Results? In order for our results to be considered signicant what must be true of p? |
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Definition
Chi-square test...look up value with corresponding p (usually .05) and n. If the p-value is below the cutoff point, the finding is considered “statistically significant” and the null hypothesis is rejected...in this case smaller than 0.05 |
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Term
For Case-control studies, a strict ______ criterion for the disease will assure that cases reflect as homogeneous a disease entity as possible T/F..For the controls in these studies, Should look like the case subjects with the exception of the disease, but does not require selection from same population as where the cases are from ?
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Definition
diagnostic False, they should look like the case subjects (minus dz) AND BE FROM THE SAME POPULATION AS TEH CASES |
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Term
Which Analytical study is best for analyzing exposures in a undefined population & rare diseases
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Definition
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Term
Why cant' we use Attack rates for case-controls? |
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Definition
In a case-control study, attack rates cannot be calculated because the total number of people in the community who were and were not exposed is not known
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Term
Descriptive studies: cross-sectional surveys (hypothesis _______) Analytic studies: case-control, and cohort (hypothesis _____)
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Definition
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