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EOC Vocab Review
words to know
175
Biology
10th Grade
05/03/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

3 fatty acids

and  a

glycerol

Definition
Lipid
Term

ADP

adenisine diphosphate

Definition

half filled molecule

goes to the mitochondria to get recharged

Term

ATP

adenisine triphosphate

Definition

made by the mitochondria

fully charged

Term
Abiotic
Definition
non-living
Term
Acid
Definition
pH below 7
Term
Activation Energy
Definition

-Energy needed to start a reaction

-it is lowered by an enzyme

Term
Active Transport
Definition

needs energy

make concentrations more unequal

Term
Adapt
Definition
how an organisms changes to survive
Term
Adenine
Definition
bonds with Thymine and Uracile
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition

uses oxygen

makes 36-38 ATPs

Term
Alcohol Fermentation
Definition

anerobic

uses CO2

Term
Alleles
Definition
genetic letters
Term
Anaphase
Definition
chromosomes pulled apart
Term
Anerobic Respiration
Definition

does not use oxygen

makes very little ATP

Term
Angiosperm
Definition
seeds inside fruit made from flowers
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
used to kill bacteria in the body
Term
Artificial Selection
Definition
when humans chose which organisms can mate based on certain traits
Term
Autosomes
Definition

all chromosomes but

sex chromosomes

Term
Bacteriophage
Definition
virus that infects bacteria
Term
Base
Definition
pH above 7
Term
Bio-
Definition
living
Term
Biodiversity
Definition
all the different types of life in one area
Term
Biological Magnification
Definition
pollution increases up the pryamid
Term
Biotic
Definition
living
Term

CO2

Carbon Dioxide

Definition
the gas we give off
Term
Cancer
Definition
uncontrolled growth of cells
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition

made of sugar

give quick energy and some storage of energy

Term
Carrying Capacity
Definition
the maximum amt. of organism an area can support
Term
Catalyst
Definition
speeds up a chemical reaction
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
steps a cell grows through in order to make more cells
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
gives plant cells extra protection
Term
Cellular
Respiration
Definition

takes place in the mitochondria

uses O2 and glucose

Term
Centromere
Definition
holds the chromosomes together
Term
Chemosynthesis
Definition
Plants use chemicals to make their own food
Term
Chloroplast
Definition
where food is made for plants
Term
Cholorphyll
Definition
traps sunlight
Term
Chromosomes
Definition

where DNA is packed

46 in human body

Term
Codominance
Definition

both traits will show at one time

 

-EX: black and white checker chicken

Term
Codon
Definition
3 RNA bases
Term
Commensalism
Definition
one species benefits other gets nothing
Term
Community
Definition
group of different organisms in an area
Term
Complete Dominance
Definition
type of genetics where the dominate letter takes over
Term
Conditioning
Definition

association between two objects

-dog food and bell

Term
Conservation
Definition
plans to protect biodiversity
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
when a cell splits into two cells
Term
Cytosine
Definition
bonds with Guanine
Term

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Definition

carries genetic information

double stranded

Term
DNA Fingerprinting
Definition
using DNA to help in identity, paternity, and to solve crime
Term
DNA polymerase
Definition
brings in DNA letters so DNA can replicate
Term
Demography
Definition
study of human population
Term
Denatured
Definition
to change or stop working
Term
Diffusion
Definition
movement of particles
Term
Double Helix
Definition

the shape of DNA

(staircase)

Term
Ecosystem
Definition
living and non-living things in an area
Term
Embryo
Definition
stage after zygote
Term
Emigration
Definition
Organisms move OUT
Term
Enzymes
Definition

acts as a catalyst

formed from a protein

Term
Eukaryotes
Definition

has a nucleus

Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungus

Term
Evolution
Definition
change over time
Term
Exponential
Definition

J Curve

can grow because of unlimited resources

Term
External Fertilization
Definition
sperm is sprayed on to the egg outside the female
Term
Fertilization
Definition
when sperm and egg join
Term
Fetus
Definition
a developing baby after the embryo stage 
Term
Frameshift Mutation
Definition
when a letter is taken out or put into the DNA code
Term
Fungi
Definition

mushroom

heterotrophs

Term
G1 Phase
Definition
where the cell grows
Term
G2 Phase
Definition
prepares for Mitosis
Term
Gamets
Definition

sex cells

egg and sperm

Term
Gel Electrophoresis
Definition

separates DNA into fragments (dashes)

 

Term
Gene
Definition
holds DNA to build cells and pass traits
Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition

humans change the DNA of an organism

genetic modification

Term
Genetic Variation
Definition
creates different alleles
Term
Genetics
Definition
study of heredity
Term
Genotype
Definition
shows the alleles for a trait
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
splits glucose
Term
Guanine
Definition
bonds with Cytosine
Term
Guard Cells
Definition

Opens and Closes the 

stoma (stomata)

Term
Gymnosperm
Definition
seeds inside cones
Term
Habitat
Definition
where an organism calls home
Term
Habitat Degradation
Definition
habitat destroyed by pollution
Term
Helicase
Definition
enzyme that unzips DNA so it can replicate
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
blood protein that carries oxygen in the blood
Term
Heredity
Definition
passing of traits from generation to generation
Term
Heterotroph/Consumer
Definition
has to eat other organisms to get energy
Term
Heterozygous
Definition

different

Aa

Term
Homeostasis
Definition
internal balance
Term
Homozygous
Definition

same

AA, aa

Term
Hybrid
Definition
cross between two different organisms
Term
Hypertonic
Definition

cell shrives

more particles outside

Term
Hypotonic
Definition

cell swells

more particles inside

Term
Imprinting
Definition
a learned behavior that cannot be changed
Term
Inbreeding
Definition
breeding of individulas with similar characteristics
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition

blending of traits

a red flower and white flower makes a PINK flower

Term
Innate Behavior
Definition

behavior that you are born with

-suckling

Term
Internal Fertilization
Definition
sperm fertilizes the egg inside the female
Term
Interphase
Definition

includes G1 S and G2

cell grows and DNA is replicated

Term
Isotonic
Definition
equal concentrations
Term
Karyotype
Definition
shows all chromosomes of a person
Term
Lactase
Definition
enzyme that breaks down lactose
Term
Lactose
Definition
sugar in dairy
Term
Latic Acid Fermentation
Definition

anerobic

causes cramps in muscles

Term
Lipid
Definition

-made of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol.

-fats and oils

-long term energy

Term
Logistic
Definition

S curve

has met Carrying Capacity

Term
Lysosome
Definition
cleans up non-working parts in the cell
Term
Meiosis
Definition

the making of gamets,

sex cell(egg and sperm)

haploid (half)

Term
Mesophyll
Definition

tissue that makes up most

the bulk of leaves, where photosyntheis occurs

Term
Metaphase
Definition
chromosomes lineup in the middle
Term

Mitochondria/

Mitochondrion

Definition

powerhouse

makes ATP

site of cellular respiration

Term
Mitosis
Definition

two identical cells are made

-all body cells but sex cells

Term
Monera
Definition
Kingdom for Bacteria
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition

-one sugar

-building block of Carbohydrates

Term
Multicellular
Definition
made of many cells
Term
Mutalism
Definition
both species benifit
Term
Mutation
Definition
a change in the DNA code
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
choosing traits that will help an organism survive
Term
Neuron
Definition

cells that carry messages

throughout the nervous system

Term
Niche
Definition
how an organism uses its environment
Term
Nondisjunction
Definition
when chromosomes do not separate
Term
Nucleic Acid
Definition

made of nucleotides

DNA. RNA

carries genetic information

Term
Nucleotide
Definition

-builds nucleic acids

-made of a sugar, phosphate and a base

Term
Nucleus
Definition
controls the cell
Term

O2

Oxygen

Definition
the gas we breath in
Term
Organic
Definition
contains carbon
Term
Osmosis
Definition
movement of water
Term

Osmotic

Pressure

Definition
pressure in animal cells
Term
Parasitism
Definition

one benefits the other is harmed

-ex: tick and dog

Term
Passive Transport
Definition

no energy needed

-ex: diffusion, osmosis and

facilitated diffusion

makes concentrations equal

Term
Pedigree
Definition
family tree
Term
Phospholipid Bilayer
Definition

name for

plasma membrane

Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
Plants use sunlight to make their own food
Term
Plasma Membrane
Definition

maintains homeostasis

semipermeable

Term
Plasmid
Definition
circular DNA molecule in bacteria
Term
Point Mutation
Definition
when a letter in the DNA code is replaced
Term
Polygenic Trait
Definition

controlled by two or more genes

ex:

hair color

skin color

eye color

Term
Polypeptide
Definition
another word for protein
Term
Polysaccharides
Definition

-many sugars

-another word for Carbohydrates

Term
Population
Definition
a group of the same organisms
Term
Predation
Definition
predator prey relationship
Term
Primary Succession
Definition

-only after a volcano eruption

-growth has to start from beinging

Term
Producer/Autotroph
Definition

organism that make

their own food

-ex:Plants

Term
Prokaryotes
Definition

-no nucleus

-bacteria only

Term
Prophase
Definition

1st phase in Mitosis

-nucleus disappears 

Term
Protein
Definition

made of amino acids

builds muscles, cell, fights diseases

Term
Purines
Definition
large base
Term
Pyrimidines
Definition
small base
Term

RNA

ribonucleic acid

Definition

single stranded

leaves the nucleus

Term
Replication
Definition
when DNA makes DNA
Term
Restriction Enzyme
Definition
cuts DNA at a specific nucleotides
Term
Ribosome
Definition
site of protein synthesis
Term
S Phase
Definition
step where DNA is replication
Term
Secondary Succession
Definition

after a natural disaster

community goes back faster

Term
Segregration
Definition
chromosomes split randomly
Term
Sex Chromosome
Definition

number 23

egg and sperm

Term

Sex Linked Gene

 (Baldness

Red-Green Colorbliness

Hemophillia)

Definition

only on the X chromosomes

affects men more

Term
Spindel Fibers
Definition
"strings" that separate chromosomes
Term
Stoma
Definition

opening of the underside of a leaf

that allows for carbon dioxide and oxygen to

move in and out

Term
Substrate
Definition

bonds to an enzyme

-is changed

Term

Sustainable usage/

Sustainable Development

Definition
using resources without depleting them
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
a living relationship between two organisms
Term
Synthesis
Definition
to make
Term
Telophase
Definition
2 nuclei form
Term
Thymine
Definition
bonds with Adenine
Term
Trait
Definition
a characteristic of a gene
Term
Transcription
Definition
when DNA makes RNA
Term
Translation
Definition

when RNA make protein

(use RNA codon chart)

Term
Transpiration
Definition
when plants give off water
Term
Turgor Pressure
Definition
pressure in plant cells
Term
Vacuole
Definition
large sac in plants that store water
Term
Xylem
Definition
transports water
Term
Zygote
Definition
after fertilization
Term
amino acid
Definition
building block of protein
Term
mRNA
Definition

messenger RNA

-leaves nucleus and goes to ribosome

Term
rRNA
Definition

ribosomal RNA

-makes the protein

Term
tRNA
Definition

transfer RNA

-brings in the anticodon with the amino acid

Term
Phloem
Definition
carries food throughout the plant
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