Term
| Two primary issues with water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Global issues concerning water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reasons for freshwater shortage |
|
Definition
| consumption, technology, agriculture, natural causes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Army Corps of Engineers. Construction arm of the federal gov. Authority over navigable waters. Issues permits for projects that impact our waterways through CWA. |
|
|
Term
| Bureau of Reclamation (1902) |
|
Definition
| W. expansio (17 states) Hydoelectricity generation through water development projects (dams) |
|
|
Term
Status Quo
% of our water ot clean enough for swimming/ fishing |
|
Definition
Streams 40%
Lakes 45%
Estuaries 50% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Waterways were natures sewers. Direct dumping into the waterways. |
|
|
Term
| Surface/groundwater water pollution |
|
Definition
| landfills, biocides(ag. and lawn), underground storage tanks(oil barrels fromgas stations), leakage of hazardous waste, waste disposal wells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organisms, suspended and dissolved solids, nutrients, metals and toxins, muicipal wastewater discharge |
|
|
Term
| 1970's Shift in water management |
|
Definition
| Rachel Carsons book in the 60's, earth day |
|
|
Term
| Everglades restoration funding |
|
Definition
| Shared funding between the federal government and state gov. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- ACE brought invasive melaleuca trees from Australia to drain the everglades
- Drained for agriculture and development
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
- 20-30 year project for fed and state gov to split the est. 7.5B-8.7B cost of everglades restoration
- World's largest ecosystem restoration project
- Restore sheet flow to the remaining everglades land
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prohibited dumping of solid waste into commercial waterways |
|
|
Term
Water pollution control act
(1948) |
|
Definition
- Establishes fed gov role in regulating interstate water pollution
- Law requires studies, research, and limited funding for sewage treatment
- Surgeon general prepares or adopts programs for eliminating or reducing pollutioni
- 1956 amendments not good enough creating 1965 WQA
|
|
|
Term
| The first organization to draw awareness to nations water problem |
|
Definition
Izaak Walton League
- 1920's published findings that 85% our nations water was polluted and 30% of cities treated their waste before dumping
|
|
|
Term
W.Q.A
Water Quality Act
(1965) |
|
Definition
- Streamlined fed gov WPCA abilities to enforce, regulate, and fund point and non point source pollution
- Chesapeake Bay Program
- Great Lakes program
- requires states develop strategies for toxic cleanup and report harmful effects done to water
- increases penalties for permit violations
- EPA studies dams
- Nomination of estuaries under national significance
|
|
|
Term
C.W.A
Clean Water Act
(1972)
|
|
Definition
- National Pollutant Discharge Elimination system (NPEDS) gave EPA ability to issue permits for discharge
- ACE issues permits for discharge of dredged or fill material into navigable water
|
|
|
Term
| EPA(6) deadlines for water-pollution permits |
|
Definition
- wastewater effluent guidelines
- sources install water pollution control tech
- eliminates discharge into waterways
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- developed Best management practices BMP
- authorizes funds to complete the Ntl. wetlands inventory
- ACE issues permits for activities causing minimal env. effects
- reg responsibility to states
|
|
|
Term
Safe Drinking water act
1974 & 1996 |
|
Definition
1974
- gave EPA power to identify contaminants, set maximum contaminant levels
1996
- gives more discretion to the states cost/benefit analysis
- water reports with water contaminants
- covers toxic contaminants, protection of groundwater aquifers, regulation of 83 specific contaminants
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Town switched water source to save $5M
Flint river->lake huron->flint river
lake huron has different makeup of the water and exposed the lead piping making people sick
- 10M homes and buildings across the country still have lead/partially leaded pipes
|
|
|
Term
| Conventional pollutants (NAAQS) |
|
Definition
| carbon monoxide, nitrogen, ozone, sulfur oxides, PM, lead |
|
|
Term
| 4 oxy compound pollutants |
|
Definition
| carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point sounrce, non point source, mobile source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| factory with a smoke stack |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
car,train,boat,plane
hardest to regulate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cancerous toxins by automobiles and industry
ex. benzene from automobiles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary source pollutant (coal) sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, VOC's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Us contributes to 50% Canada's acid rain
Canada contributes to 20% U.S acid rain |
|
|
Term
| Health and env. impacts of air pollution |
|
Definition
increased morbidity and mortality
reduction in lung function
decreased crop production
artifact weathering and destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over 4k people die because of air pollution sets into motion english government air stds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sulfur from steel manufacturers causes 5 day episode where 1000's become ill and 20 die |
|
|
Term
Clean Air Act
CAA 1963, 1970, 1990, 1992 |
|
Definition
1963 expanded research and tech. asst. programs to states. Fed. GOV. investigative and abatement auth. Motor vehicle emissions (control tech)
1970-states make emission reduction plans SIP's
1990- larget, mort comprehensive/expensive legislature
1992- G.W freezes implementation to be in effect 2005 |
|
|
Term
| Prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) |
|
Definition
| required businesses to install the best available control tech (BACT) |
|
|
Term
| New Source Reduction (NSR) |
|
Definition
| requires companies to obtain permits before modifying equipment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| component of NO2 on hydrocarbons. respiratory problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combustion from industry, forest fires, windblown dust, vehicles 2.5 micrometers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 30 M species, named and identified 5% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mostly fish
includes plants
rate of extinction 1,000 a year |
|
|
Term
| Threat to endangered species |
|
Definition
natural causes
human actions (habitat destruction, hunting, pesticide, pollution,invasive species) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hawaii accounts for 30% of extinctions and 50% possible extinctions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viruses or diseases extinct because of vaccinations |
|
|
Term
| History of wildlife ownership |
|
Definition
English model- royal forests and only royals could hunt
U.S said no one owned wildlife until supreme court ruling in 1800's giving authority to teh states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1966- protected habitat
1969-laws against illegal trade (rhino)
1973- most comprehensive |
|
|
Term
| Who decides who get listed on the ESA |
|
Definition
| secretay of Interior and commerce have sole authority over who gets listed, based on petitions and interest groups to be presented with scientific evidence |
|
|
Term
| Who decides habitat and recovery plan of ESA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does public lack apathy for ESA |
|
Definition
| no clear opponent(self) don't know how it effects them, lack of cohesive action by environmental groups |
|
|
Term
| Impacts of tech on sustainability |
|
Definition
| green revolution found a way to feed the growing population |
|
|
Term
| US agency for international development |
|
Definition
| large scale family planning efforts in the 60's and 70's |
|
|
Term
| UN family planning program |
|
Definition
| US support varies and is largely criticized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swaps between republicans and dems about abortion and family planning contribution |
|
|
Term
| demographic transition theory |
|
Definition
3 stages of human population increase
phase 1 human demands remain within limits that can be sustained by the env.
phase 2 human demands begin to exceed a sustainable limit and continue to grow
phase 3 ecosystem is unable to sustain population |
|
|
Term
| Chesapeake Bay dead zones |
|
Definition
accounts for 40% of the bay.
worst in the summer.
too much fertilizer being soaked into the ground gets into the water and creates no oxygen for the fish to breathe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacteria eats sewage to clean it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in male feminizing fish and also in fish abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Amt. of money USF has received from investing in fossil fuels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pruitt's political philosophy of how the EPA should operate |
|
Definition
| States need more power and fed. gov should not use over reaching power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2,100 ft German road test track |
|
|
Term
| Incineration _______________ production of waste |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural gas from the sable pipeline can be sold abroad? T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Due to the bill NC passed on coastal building only what kind of information can be taken into account? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How cuts by the EPA to grants effects the states ability to maintain public safety? |
|
Definition
| They can't administer their safe drinking water standards |
|
|
