Term
|
Definition
Actinic damage to skin from UV light
Non-pigmented sparsely hair regions affected
Classic example is ear tips of white cats |
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Term
| Feline Solar Dermatitis Lesions |
|
Definition
erythem
alopecia
ulcers
crusts
may progress to squamous cell carcinoma |
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Term
| Feline Solar Dermatitis Treatment |
|
Definition
keep out of sun
sunscreens
amputate ear tips when progresses to ulcerated form
carotenoids - help absorb active rays but difficult to medicate |
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Term
|
Definition
rare but can occur if foods stored too long resulting in oxidation of fatty acids
or malabsorption/maldigestion
arachidonic acid deficiency causes PGE2 deficiency which increases cAMP and DNA synthesis
this cause epidermal hyperplasia and scaling |
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|
Term
| Fatty Acid Deficiencies Treatment |
|
Definition
correct diet
may add fatty acid supplement
if animal needs to be on low fat diet, can use topical fatty acids |
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Term
|
Definition
rare
may occur if cats are fed dog food diets or dogs with low protein diets
hair is 95% protein
average dogs grows 100 feet of hair/day
skin and hair uses 25-30% of dietary protein needs |
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Term
| Zinc Deficiency Syndromes |
|
Definition
lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers
Syndrome I and Syndrome II |
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|
Term
| Zinc Deficiency Syndrome I |
|
Definition
Siberian huskies, Alaskan malamutes, bull terriers
erythema, alopecia, crusting of mouth, shin, eyes, ears, dull hair coat, hyperkeratotic pads |
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|
Term
| Zinc Deficiency Syndrome II |
|
Definition
rapidly growing puppies
diets high in calcium or phytates
hyperkeratotic footpads, crusts, infections |
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|
Term
| Zinc Deficiency Diagnosis |
|
Definition
serum zinc levels
biopsy shows hyperkeratosis
response to tx |
|
|
Term
| Zinc Deficiency Treatment |
|
Definition
zinc sulfate
zinc methionine
good diet and avoid excess calcium
essential fatty acids |
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|
Term
| Psychocutaneous Dermatoses |
|
Definition
self induced skin lesions
underlying behavioral problem due to anxiety, OCD, boredom, attention-seeking |
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Term
|
Definition
| persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced s intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety |
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Term
|
Definition
| repetitive behaviors engaged in for a significant amount of time |
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Term
| Psychocutaneous Dermatoses Signs |
|
Definition
excessive, repetitive motions
may be derived from normal behaviors
excessive licking, chewing, biting, hair pulling, sucking |
|
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Term
| Psychocutaneous Dermatoses Theories |
|
Definition
causes endogenous endorphin release which provides positive feedback to behavior
supported by effectiveness of opioid antagonists
supported when breaking scratch-itch cycle stops behavior
or neurotransmitter imbalances |
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|
Term
| Psychocutaneous Dermatoses Treatment |
|
Definition
combination of medication, environmental management, behavior modification
Clomicalm for separation anxiety
Anipryl for cognitive dysfunction in elderly dogs
Reconcile (fluoxetine HCl) for treatment of separation anxiety and OCD in dogs and cats (aka prozac in people) |
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|
Term
| Prescribing Psychoctive Medication |
|
Definition
do not stop medication abruptly
may take weeks to months to treat
gradually decrease 25% every 2 weeks to wean off |
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Term
|
Definition
target GABA receptors
are anxiolytic
in cats can cause hepatic necrosis
may result in loss of inhibition (risk of aggression)
tend not to use these |
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|
Term
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |
|
Definition
prolong activity of serotonin and which chronic use down-regular serotonin receptors
antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-compulsive, anti-aggressive effects
may require 3-4 weeks before improvement |
|
|
Term
| Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
|
Definition
prevent catabolism of catecholamines including dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, B-phenylethylamine, and serotonin
can't use amitraz with other medications |
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Term
|
Definition
Anipryl
irreversible inhibitor of MAO
inhibits reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
approve to treat dogs with cognitive dysfunction
possible drug interactions |
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Term
|
Definition
the promazines
block action of dopamine
excess dopamine associated with psychotic symptoms and development of stereotypies
produce ataraxia: state of decreased emotional arousal and relative indifference to stressful situations
indicated for chemical restraint
poor anxiolytic properies |
|
|
Term
| Tricyclic Antidepressants |
|
Definition
inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine
act as antihistamines and are alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists and have anticholinergic activity
anxiolytic, anticompulsive, antiagressive, antidepressant |
|
|
Term
| Endogenous Opioids and Role in OCD |
|
Definition
chronic exposure of opioids results in sensitization of opioid receptors and increased endogenous opioid activity and expression of behavioral stereotypes
opioid antagonists reverse or attenuate this sensitization
stress may cause animal to initiate behavior |
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Term
|
Definition
| used to stereotypic behavior, compulsive disorders, lick granulomas, tail-chasing, self-mutiltion, cribbing |
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Term
|
Definition
morphine like analgesic
has activity at NMDA glutamate receptors in CNS and reduces some stereotypes in dogs and horses |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibit secretion of pituitary gonadotrophin
suppress production of testosterone
alter binding of transcription factor to DNA
alter membrane fluidity
act of GABA recetpros
increase concentrations of B-endorphins and metenkephalin in hippocampus
interact with steroid receptors
have direct calming effect on limbic system
has a lot of side effects
only use these as a last resort |
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Term
|
Definition
| chronic licking leads to granuloma formation |
|
|
Term
| Acral Lick Dermatitis Lesions |
|
Definition
alopecic
thickened, oval plague on lower legs from licking
more common in males over 5 years |
|
|
Term
| Acral Lick Dermatitis Causes |
|
Definition
boredom
psychological
joint pain
foreign body
local neuritis/nerve damage
pressure sore
OCD |
|
|
Term
| Acral Lick Dermatitis Diagnosis |
|
Definition
| rule out bone lesion, neoplasia, fungal infection |
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|
Term
| Acral Lick Dermatitis Treatment |
|
Definition
correct underlying cause
psychologic diversions
obedience training
antidepressants
opiate antagonists, sedatives, progestagens
treat the lesion
prevent licking |
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