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Renewable and nonrenewable resources |
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Definition
Not all resources are renewable Renewable - solar, hydroelectric Nonrenewable - oil |
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Any addition to air, water, soil, or food that threatens the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms |
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Transportation - #1 cause of air pollution Vehicles, industrial sources |
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Agriculture - #1 cause of water pollution Factories, human waste, power plants, chemical supply places |
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How pollutants enter the environment |
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Definition
Pollutants may enter the environment naturally or through human activities Point, nonpoint, and line sources |
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Single identifiable source Smokestack, leaking pipe |
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Water on a gold course, fertilizer runoff |
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Pollutant effects are dependent on... (4) |
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Definition
1. The pollutant's chemical nature 2. The pollutant's concentration 3. The pollutant's persistence 4. The sensitivity of the receiving environment |
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Cumulative effect of many people exploiting common property resources, resulting in environmental degradation |
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Strategies for sustainable living (5/10) |
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Definition
1. Reduce waste of matter and energy resources 2. Pollution prevention and waste reduction 3. Compost, recycle, reuse 4. Products that are durable and easier to repair, reuse, and recycle 5. Greater use of renewable energy: sun, wind, hydro, and biomass 6. Protect vital habitats for wild species 7. Political and economic systems that reward environmental protection and discourage degradation 8. Use renewable resources no faster than they can be renewed 9. Slow population growth 10. Reduce poverty |
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The study of how we and other species interact with one another and with the non-living environment A multi-disciplinary science including physics, chemistry, biology, geology, law, economics, social science, engineering, and other disciplines |
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Organic and inorganic compounds |
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Definition
Compounds can be organic or inorganic Organic compounds carbon and most contain hydrogen |
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Important organic compounds (5) |
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Definition
1. Hydrocarbons 2. Chlorinated hydrocarbons 3. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - banned in 1995 4. Carbohydrates 5. Nucleic acids and genes |
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Important inorganic compounds (8) |
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Definition
1. Sodium chloride 2. Water 3. Nitrogen oxides (Nox) 4. Carbon monoxide 5. Carbon dioxide 6. Sulfur oxides (Sox) 7. Hydrogen sulfide 8. Ammonia |
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Definition
The capacity to do work and transfer heat Kinetic and potential |
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Light Heat Electricity Chemical energy stored in matter Moving matter (wind, water) Nuclear energy |
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Definition
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CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a key component of nature's thermostat Plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere and water to produce carbohydrates and O2 (oxygen) Respiration produces CO2 Some carbon lies deep in the earth and is released during burning of fossil fuels Volcanic eruptions release CO2 CO2 is dissolved in the ocean The carbon cycle has been distributed by vegetation removal and burning fossil fuels and wood |
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Definition
Nitrogen gas is not usable by plants or animals Nitrogen fixation - conversion of nitrogen gas to usable forms by bacteria Other bacteria convert nitrogen compounds back to nitrogen gas Nitrogen oxides are produced by man and are emitted into the atmosphere - ozone Nox are a component of acid rain Livestock waste and fertilizer runoff produce pollution containing nitrates Algal blooms |
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Definition
Conversion of nitrogen gas to usable forms by bacteria |
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Definition
Phosphorus is circulated from land and ocean sediments to living organisms and back Phosphorus is most often the limiting factor for plant growth Geologic and climatic processes cycle phosphorus among rock, water, and air Humans intervene by mining phosphorus and by water pollution from livestock, fertilizer, and sewage |
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Definition
Much of earth's sulfur is underground in rocks and minerals Hydrogen sulfide is released from volcanoes and decaying organic matter Sulfur dioxide is released by volcanoes and from burning fossil fuels and oil refining and smelting of ores Sulfur compounds are the biggest component of acid rain |
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Definition
A fixed supply of water is collected, purified, and distributed Processes (6): evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, percolation Glaciers contain much of the earth's water Humans intervene |
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Definition
Porous, water-saturated layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock that can yield an economically significant amount of water 1/3 of drinking water comes from aquifers |
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Definition
Study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment |
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Definition
1. Specialists 2. Native 3. Immigrant 4. Indicator 5. Keystone |
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Have very defined habitat or needs Panda - bamboo |
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Definition
Indigenous to the area TN - deer, raccoons, beaver |
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Brought into the area TN - wild boar, carp, rats |
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Indication of environmental quality Flies |
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Definition
Play an extremely important role Pollinating bees, predators |
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Definition
1. Competition 2. Predation 3. Parasitism 4. Mutualism 5. Commensalism |
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Two species competing for food in one area Coyotes and foxes |
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Members of one species feed on another species, but do not live in or on the prey Lions and zebra |
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One parasite preys on a host by living in or on the host to the host's detriment Fleas, lice |
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Members interact to the benefit of both Clownfish and anemone, rhinoceros and birds |
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Interaction between two species that benefits one but doesn't benefit nor harm the other Bromeliad and tree |
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The natural resources and services provided by nature that keep us and other species alive and support our economies 1. Air 2. Water 3. Soil 4. Plants 5. Wind |
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Definition
1. Evaporation 2. Transpiration 3. Condensation 4. Precipitation 5. Infiltration 6. Percolation |
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Definition
Conversion of water into water vapor |
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The evaporation of water from plants; leaves |
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Conversion of water vapor into droplets of liquid |
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Definition
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Flow of water through soil and rock formations to aquifers |
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Movement of water into soil |
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Term
Humans intervene in the cycle by... (2) |
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Definition
1. Withdrawal of water from surface and aquifer supplies 2. Clearing of land resulting in increased runoff and flooding |
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Definition
Ability of earth's various systems, including human cultural systems and economies, to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely |
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Groups of organisms that are biologically similar and can reproduce |
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All members of the same species occupying a given area at the same time |
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Place where a population (or individual organism) typically lives |
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Populations of all the different species occupying a particular place |
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A community of different species interacting with one another and with their non-living environment of matter and energy Biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components |
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Major components of an ecosphere (4) |
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Definition
1. Atmosphere (air) 2. Hydrosphere (water) 3. Lithosphere (crust) 4. Biosphere (all ecosystems; where everything lives) |
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Determines whether a particular species can thrive in a certain place Temperature, rainfall |
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Herbivores - eat plants that produce photosynthesis Rabbits |
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Carnivores - eat plant eaters Fox (eat rabbits) |
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Definition
Eat other meat eating animals Tigers, wolves |
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