Term
In general, natural resources ________. |
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Definition
should be used efficiently and conserved |
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Term
Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a(n) ________ association. |
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Definition
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Term
Coal, oil, and natural gas are ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is true about top predators |
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Definition
They are likely to be keystone species. |
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Term
A climax community always |
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Definition
remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession |
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Term
Which of the following is true? |
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Definition
Species on Earth today are but a fraction of all species that ever lived. |
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Term
Sustainable development ________. |
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Definition
means consuming resources without compromising future availability |
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Term
________ believe that within a market economy, economic sustainability is achieved through reduction of growth and by more efficient resource use. |
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Definition
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Term
A small section of prairie grasses, over a year, produces enough biomass to feed insects, mice, rabbits, birds, deer, antelope, and a host of decomposers. The amount of food potentially available to the herbivores is the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
A hypothesis is ________. |
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Definition
a testable proposition that explains an observed phenomenon or answers a question |
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Term
The origin of all nitrogen in biological tissues is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
A system receiving inputs and producing outputs without undergoing any changes in size or function is said to be in ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a(n) ________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the study of organisms and their interactions with each other and with the environment |
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Term
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Definition
are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories, power plants, and wastewater treatment facilities |
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Term
________ are the primary water‑insoluble components of cell membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
Taiga and tundra both ________. |
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Definition
have comparatively low temperatures throughout the year |
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Term
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Definition
are required in large amounts for organisms to survive |
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Term
River water held behind a dam is best described as a form of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Type of rock formed when magma or lava cools ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The functional role of a species in its community is its ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Skin, hair, muscles, and enzymes are classified as ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following describes mass wasting? |
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Definition
downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity |
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Term
"If domestic fuel prices rise to $5 per gallon, conservation will increase, alternative fuels will be developed, and energy efficiency and our quality of life will improve." This philosophy is consistent with ________ economics. |
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Definition
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Term
The scientific process and knowledge is based on ________. |
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Definition
testing hypotheses that are built on observations |
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Term
________ are typical primary consumers in a temperature deciduous forest. |
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Definition
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Term
"Ecosystem services" include ________. |
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Definition
pollination of crop plants |
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Term
________ is best defined as the study of how we decide to use scarce resources in the face of demand. |
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Definition
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Term
A coyote, which can alter its food intake to match seasonal abundance of plants, fruits, or small animals, is considered to be ________. |
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Definition
a generalist, able to be flexible |
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Term
Detritivores include ________. |
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Definition
millipedes, soil insects, many ants |
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Term
Unregulated populations tend to increase by ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Rock that has undergone heat or pressure that causes it to change form is called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
An example of greenwashing is ________. |
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Definition
creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices |
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Term
Endemic species ________. |
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Definition
are found only in one place on the planet |
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Term
Grazing animals such as deer are ________. |
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Definition
primary consumers or herbivores |
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Term
Ecotones are the ________. |
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Definition
transitional zones between ecosystems |
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Term
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Definition
is a means of evaluating scientific hypotheses |
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Term
The fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies are the premises of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following would be most vulnerable to extinction? |
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Definition
an orchid endemic to a forest where logging is occurring |
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Term
A population is a (the) ________. |
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Definition
group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area |
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Term
Which of the following is accurate? |
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Definition
when we damage ecosystems we lose both biodiversity and valuable ecosystem services |
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Term
Geothermal energy, wind and solar radiation are all examples of ________. |
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Definition
renewable environmental factors |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
________ is best defined as the knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
underground water reservoirs |
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Term
The eutrophication that has taken place in the Gulf of Mexico and other locations appears to be due to ________. |
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Definition
excess nutrients from fertilizers |
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Term
Age pyramids, used to show the age structure of a population, generally ________. |
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Definition
indicate the relative numbers (frequency, or percentage) of individuals in each age class |
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Term
The force driving plate tectonics is ________. |
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Definition
heat in the deepest layers of the earth |
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Term
An example of a density-independent factor would be ________. |
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Definition
cold weather causing the lake to freeze |
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Term
The biosphere consists of the ________. |
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Definition
sum of all the planet's living organisms and the abiotic portions of the environment |
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Term
Paleontologists and ecologists agree that ________. |
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Definition
99% of all species that have ever existed are now extinct |
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Term
The human population is approximately ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Worldwide, the fastest growing cities today are mostly ________. |
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Definition
cities in developing nations, including Cairo, Egypt, and Mumbai (Bombay), India |
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Term
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Definition
has the greatest impacts in tropical areas and arid regions |
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Term
Forests reach their greatest ecological complexity when ________. |
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Definition
they are mature and exhibit a multi-level canopy |
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Term
Organic farming ________. |
|
Definition
has increased in the United States, Canada and Europe in recent years |
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Term
Any consideration of the true costs of sprawl must include ________. |
|
Definition
increased use of fossil fuels |
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Term
Not surprisingly, the nation with the highest rate of contraceptive use (90%) is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The first national park was ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The buildup of salts in soils as a result of overirrigation is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The loss of more than 10% productivity in arid areas due to erosion, soil compaction, forest removal, and an array of other factors is called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Bullfrog tadpoles are often sold as fish bait, even in areas where they do not occur naturally. When people buy 10 of them and don't use them all, they often dump the remainder into the lake or river. This is an example of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
is an agricultural practice of growing large stands of a single species |
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Term
According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________. |
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Definition
increases environmental impact |
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Term
During most of our species' 160,000-year existence, and until about 10,000 years ago, we depended on ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is ________. |
|
Definition
affected by rainfall, freezing and thawing |
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Term
________ is the world's most populous nation, home to ________ of the people living on Earth. |
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Definition
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Term
A population which is not growing will have a TFR of ________. |
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Definition
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Term
In general, successfully introduced species experience ________. |
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Definition
increased competition from other organisms |
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Term
The practice of planting large areas with a single type of crop, monoculture ________. |
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Definition
is a development of industrial agriculture |
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Term
Ecosystem-based timber harvesting uses methods that ________. |
|
Definition
leave seed-producing or mature trees uncut to provide for future forests |
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Term
Relative to agriculture, insects are usually ________. |
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Definition
essential pollinators and predators for sustainable systems |
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Term
Agricultural practices, where the members of a farming family produce only enough food for themselves and do not make use of large-scale irrigation, chemical fertilizer, or machinery and technology, is called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Researchers have demonstrated that organic farming ________. |
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Definition
decreased organic soil losses while giving yields comparable to conventional farming |
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Term
America's age‑structure diagram ________. |
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Definition
reflects a population with a high growth rate |
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Term
________ are best defined as substances that cause birth defects. |
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Definition
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Term
What drives the move to the suburbs from cities? |
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Definition
desire to live in less stressful, more peaceful park-like conditions |
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Term
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Definition
removes all trees from an area |
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Term
|
Definition
removes water soluble nutrients from soil |
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Term
________ are best defined as substances that cause cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
The new urbanism tries to ________. |
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Definition
develop walkable communities, with homes and businesses close together |
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Term
A country with ________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future. |
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Definition
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Term
It is more energetically efficient for us to to eat more ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Over the past 50 years, most U.S. citizens who could afford to do so ________. |
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Definition
left the cities for the suburbs |
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Term
Toxicants that cause harm by affecting the immune system include ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The ecological footprint of a large city is ________ than/as the surrounding rural area. |
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Definition
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Term
Why do developing nations impose few or no restrictions on logging? |
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Definition
They are desperate for economic development. |
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Term
Raising ________ requires the most land and water. |
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Definition
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Term
The O horizon is ________. |
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Definition
primarily composed of organic materials |
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Term
A species of lizard has gone extinct. This could be due to any of the following reasons except ________. |
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Definition
increased genetic diversity within the species |
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Term
Controlled burns would be used in forests ________. |
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Definition
that are subject to severe wild fires to remove fuel load and stimulate new growth |
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Term
The greatest diversity (numbers of different species) of organisms can be found in ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children ________. |
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Definition
is greater because of their developmental immaturity, rapid growth and smaller biomass |
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Term
Biodiversity enhances human food security because it ________. |
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Definition
is a potential source of new food items or new genetic varieties of existing foods |
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Term
The world's urban populations are ________. |
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Definition
growing faster than the population as a whole |
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Term
Which of the following is a method that governments use to improve urban transportation? |
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Definition
Designate carpool lanes and carpool parking spots in many public places. |
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Term
The worldwide drop in sperm counts among men has been attributed to ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The consequences of overfertilization can include ________. |
|
Definition
eutrophication in nearby waters |
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Term
Some indoor chemical hazard(s) are ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because ________. |
|
Definition
there is a long lag time between exposure to the agent and disease |
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Term
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ________. |
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Definition
is an international panel that reports on how climate change influences biomes and economies |
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Term
Xeriscaping can save water by ________. |
|
Definition
planting native or drought-resistant plants with little or no water requirements |
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Term
El Niño and La Niña ________. |
|
Definition
produce changes of opposite direction in global temperature and precipitation patterns |
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Term
In the wake of the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol ________. |
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Definition
cities and states are setting their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions |
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Term
Seasons are a result of ________. |
|
Definition
differences in the amount and intensity of sunlight brought about by the tilt of Earth's axis |
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Term
About 80% of the ocean's water exists in the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
Milankovitch cycles ________. |
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Definition
are changes in Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun that may trigger climate variation |
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Term
The most obvious cause of industrial smog is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
The area that underlies the shallow water bordering continents is called the ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
An artesian aquifer occurs when ________. |
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Definition
a water‑bearing layer is trapped between two layers that are less permeable |
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Term
Tropospheric ozone ________. |
|
Definition
is produced through the interaction of heat and UV light, with nitrogen oxides and carbon-containing compounds |
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Term
Approximately ________% of the typical American city is devoted to use by cars. |
|
Definition
usually be used from sinks for irrigation and watering lawns |
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Term
As of 2010, the saga of the Colorado River's water resource allocation is being complicated by ________. |
|
Definition
several years of drought coupled with the rapid growth of Las Vegas |
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Term
Overpumping groundwater in coastal areas can cause ________ to move into aquifers, making the water undrinkable. |
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Definition
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|
Term
The Coriolis effect contributes to ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
The Kyoto Protocol ________. |
|
Definition
was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990 |
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Term
Lead enters the atmosphere as a particulate pollutant. This is a problem because it ________. |
|
Definition
causes central nervous system damage in humans |
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Term
Photochemical smog differs from industrial smog in that it ________. |
|
Definition
is formed only in the presence of sunlight |
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Term
As water warms, it ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Precipitation that falls on Earth's surface ________. |
|
Definition
may take a variety of pathways through surface water or groundwater flow |
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Term
A recent study has revealed that chlorinated hydrocarbons, gasoline and other volatile organic compounds (VOC's) have become significant pollutants in ________ from ________. |
|
Definition
ground water / leaking storage tanks |
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Term
One of the problems that occurs as a consequence of CFC pollution is ________. |
|
Definition
increasing skin cancer in humans |
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Term
Marine reserves ________. |
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Definition
are "no‑take" areas in the oceans |
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Term
Which of the following best describes floodplains? |
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Definition
a region of land that is periodically flooded when a river overflows |
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Term
Today, _______ has the worst acid deposition problem, primarily because of _______. |
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Definition
China / coal-fired electrical and industrial plants |
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Term
_______% of U.S.citizens live in coastal counties, thus vulnerable to rises in sea level. |
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Definition
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Term
Carbon dioxide is ________. |
|
Definition
the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas produced in the United States |
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Term
One-fifth of Earth's total freshwater supply is in ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
may cause lung cancer when inhaled |
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Term
The rapid melting of Greenland's ice cap could disrupt the NADW formation by ________. |
|
Definition
adding huge amounts of less dense fresh water to the surface of the system |
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Term
Ocean water is saltiest ________. |
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Definition
where there is high evaporation and low precipitation |
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Term
The largest portion of atmospheric gases is ________. |
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Definition
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Term
You want to maintain a healthy pond at your school site. Last year another pond became eutrophic; to avoid that, you want to ________. |
|
Definition
avoid increasing phosphorus runoff into the limnetic zone |
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Term
|
Definition
large algae that protect shorelines from erosion, and supply shelter and food for invertebrates and fish |
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Term
Which one of the following is not yet regulated by the EPA? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Most present‑day fisheries managers ________. |
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Definition
wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference. |
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Term
Keeling's reports from Mauna Loa demonstrated ________. |
|
Definition
an increase in tropospheric CO2 from the 1950s to present |
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Term
The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific is referred to as ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
The relative humidity is the ________. |
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Definition
amount of water vapor in the atmosphere |
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Term
Natural sources of air pollution come from ________. |
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Definition
soil dust and volcanic dust |
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Term
You have been hired by a rapidly growing small city to improve the air quality, which has deteriorated in the past 10 years. Your first suggestion is to ________. |
|
Definition
improve transportation options, including carpool lanes, buses, and light rail |
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Term
Hydroelectric power generation ________. |
|
Definition
is an alternative to fossil fuels that produces fewer greenhouse gases |
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Term
We build dams to ________. |
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Definition
generate electricity, prevent flooding and provide irrigation |
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Term
Currently, the greatest ecological crisis facing marine food webs is ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Of the following greenhouse gases, ________ concentrations have increased the most since 1750. |
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Definition
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|
Term
Sinkholes result from ________. |
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Definition
overconsumption of water from aquifers weakening the substrate |
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Term
Carbon monoxide ________. |
|
Definition
blocks oxygen transport in human blood |
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|
Term
Bathymetry is best defined as the study of ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
The greenhouse effect involves warming of Earth's surface and the ________. |
|
Definition
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