integrated pest management. Uses all suitable methods to get rid of pests. Their recommended procedure: 

discover pest

evaluate pest ID status - what is the danger?

determine available control strategies 

use least toxic - at least initially

evaluate success - repeat or try new technique only if necessary

1.) works faster than other pest-control methods

2.) increased food production

3.) save lives - DDT is the best control method for malaria

less pesticide resistance expected. 

Fewer pesticide applications

employ synthetics less frequently

encourage or import natural enemies of pests

develop genetically resistant plants

cultural practices

sex-pheromone baited traps

IPM

high dosages can lead to radiation sickness, death

lower dosages can cause DNA mutations, cancer(tumors)

partial core meltdown, release of radioactive gases. It was a human/equipment failure and flawed design. There were no injuries/death

They disabled safety system and the explosion resulted in reactor meltdown

core meltdown

steam explosion

release of radioactivity

deats of radiation sickness/radiation exposure

There was a political fallout and nuclear power became unpopular

only viable option for replacing a major portion of FF energy

a large supply of fuel

with breeder reactors, US can have plenty of energy for some billions of years

less environmentally harmful

Solar heating

sunlight to electricty

through water, which is a flat-plate collector and can adapt for cooler climates.

through space - the building acts as collector, landscaping to shade

geothermal.

Tidal and wave power.

Nuclear fusion

collector converts solar radiation into heat. Liquid passing through heated collector heats up, exits to storage tank

convection currents that replenish cool water from tank can be assisted with pumps

Geothermal 

Tides

Waves

Limited availability

not reliable sources

total supply will only meet a fraction of current energy demand

not without negative environmental effects

requires more research and feasility studies

clean, sustainable sources of heat, electricity

can help reduce demand for FFs

Local, on-demand generation of electricity

high efficiency, small size, low emissions

the fuel is commonly generated by electrolysis of water

Low radiation risk

development costs are high

plentiful

Organic

Petroleum

Compostable

Recyclable

1.) material waste production should be reduced

2.) waste materials should be reused

requires change in behavior

lack of sorting standards

supply: more expensive

demand: no one wants to pay more

landfills

incinerations

waste to energy(WTE) facilites

composting

handles large volumes

source of revenue

relatively simple procedure

minimal air pollution

sanitary concerns

leachate generation

methane production

incomplete combustion

settling

difficult to site

add water to speed composition

water protection features

continual monitoring

cover daily contributions of MSW

Add liners and leachate recovery systems

site landfills away from groundwater recharge areas

noncombustible materials sorted out: metals recovery feasible

combustible materials incinerated

80% of weight and volume reduction

toxic chemicals are concentraed

sort

incinerate

energy source

reduces pollutants in landfills

resource recovery

616 died

disease started in the public water pumps

suspected linkage to a single water pump

water-borne pathogens

bulk materials

"chemical pollutants

bateria, viruses, parasites

80% of all diseases worldwide

combat it by water purification and education

these are inorganic soil particles. They reduce light penetration and cause of loss of hiding and resting places

To prevent you can install sedimentary ponds

Organic waste. Point source injection of organic wastes into streams may cause an "oxygen sag"

to combat, we should pretreat human waste

chemical treatments - herbicides can kill of excess plants

aeration - can re-oxygenate the water

harvesting aquatic weeds - improves water quality

prevent harmful inputs - nutrients and sediments

watershed 

limit nitrogen and phosphorus

control the point and non point sources

road salts, acids, heavy metals

these interfere with cellular processes

not easily broken down

saves landfill space

more complete decomposition than landfill

creates great fertilizer

NIMBY - not in my backyard

LULU - local unwanted land use

NIMTOO - not in my term of office

since 1900, 1.5 degree increase

between 1960 and 2005, glacier ice volume has decreased

sea level rise, in last 15 years, there has been 3.4 mm/year

earlier spring onset

Anthropogenic greenhouse warming

due to the belief that greenhouse warming comes from various greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

97% of climate scientists are AGW proponents

used to predict future global temperatures

must represent the climate system well enough to be able to make precise predictions

Recognition

formulation

Implementation

Control

small initial population(hence the oceanic island endemic)

reduction in numbers due to changes in the environment

physical habitat alteration(land conversion, fragmentation, simplification, intrusion)

exotic species

overexploitation

pollution

climate changes

population growth

decline of ecosystem

global atmosphereic changes

loss of biodiversity

1) intrinsic value

2) instrumental value

3) spiritual truths

our senses perceive objective reality

objective reality functions according to basic principles

every observable result has a cause, every result causes more results

human powers of observation and laws can discover the Creation's basic principles and laws

relatively new branch of biological science. Considers organisms in their context. Tests hypothesis about why a species is where it is, what it does there, what its impact is, etc

Population

Community

Ecosystem 

Biosphere

the assemblage of living organisms in an area

Plant portion, animal portion, microbial portion

adapted by species to survive changes: e.g. temperature.

In sum, populations are adopted to each other and the abiotic environment

1.) ecosystems are models of sustainability

2.) better management of critical resources

3.) greater appreciation

where the predator benefits, while the prey species is harmed. example is herbivory

energy is constantly lost from ecossytems as organisms grow, reproduce, move, etc

nutrients are in finite supply

1. Producers

2. Consumers

3. detritivores and decomposers

1) inexhaustible

2) consumption doesn't reduce production

3) consumption produces no wastes

fire

floods

windstorm

droughts

the sound of a tree falling in a forest

mowing the grass

I=environmental impact

P=population size

A=affluence

T=technology

land ownership reforms

intensification of agricultural cultivation

expansion of agriculture

boosting of family income through illicit activites

emigration

migration to cities

1) speed up economic development

2) reduce population growth

poverty - overusing resources for survival

environmental degradation - more "little hands" needed to help the family in a depleted environment. Illiteracy. Lack of contraceptives

High Fertility - dwindling resources divided among more people. 

evaporation

condensation

precipitation

gravitational flow

evapo-transpiration

surface runoff

groundwater

replenishes freshwater supplies

removes impurification

occurs on mountain ranges

effects due to adiabatic cooling/warming

decrease in water born diseases

development of undesirable land

growth of 40% of the world's food via modern irrigation/agriculture

electricity generation via hydropower

changes to the surface of the Earth

withdrawal of water supplies

atmospheric pollution

climate change

vaccines and antibiotics developed

nutrition improvement

sanitary practices regarding water and wastes were implemented

altering the ecology

loss of species-rich wetlands

impounded water(dam water) is so massive that it can cause geologic shifts

falling water tables

diminsment of surface water

saltwater intrusion

biological breakdown of organic material to humus

bioturbation and mixing with inorganic particles

What removes nutrients from soil?            

chemical disturbances - poisons can harm soil organisms

mechanical disturbances - can disrupt soil profile

cover the soil

minial or zero tillage

apply mulch

maximize biodiversity