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Environmental Geology 3
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Coastal Hazards
23
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 2
03/01/2016

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Cards

Term
Tephra
Definition
Anything blasted into the air from a volcano
Term
Bombs
Definition
Large rock fragments blasted from a volcano
Term
Eruption column
Definition
Column of ash right above volcano
Term
Fumaroles
Definition
Cracks in the ground through which gases reach the surface
Term
High silica lava
Definition
high viscosity, andesitic/rhyolitic
Term
Low silica lava
Definition
Low viscosity, basaltic
Term
Maars
Definition
Tuff-cones
Term
Tuff Cones
Definition
Shallow, flat floored craters that form as a result of violent expansion of magmatic gas or steam
Term
Strombolian eruptions
Definition
Huge clots of lava burst from the summit crater to create luminous arcs. (Hundreds of feet)
Term
Vulcanian eruptions
Definition
Eruption columns go into the sky (Thousands of feet)
Term
Plinian Eruption
Definition
Eruption column goes thousands of feet into the air (Mushroom cloud)
Term
Chile Earthquake
Definition
9.5 mag, 10 minutes of shaking, fault displacement of 1000 kms, tsunami
Term
San Francisco Earthquake
Definition
7.8 mag, elastic rebound theory, caused massive fire
Term
Tangshan, China Earthquake
Definition
7.5 mag, was predicted, strange animal activity
Term
Tohoku, Japan Earthquake
Definition
9.0 Mag, 517 aftershocks, Earth shifted on axis, Largest plate shift ever recorded, damaged nuclear power plant
Term
Kobe, Japan Earthquake
Definition
Built on reclaimed land, liquifaction
Term
Lisbon, Portugal
Definition
Fires, 8.7Earthquake, Tsunami, triggered religious change
Term
Haiti & Chile
Definition
8.7 and 7.0 Mag, most deaths in Earthquake, Cholera outbreak
Term
Mount Pinatubo
Definition
Composite, Plinian, caused drop in global climate, 20 million tons of sulphur dioxide
Term
Haimaey,Iceland
Definition
On the Mid atlantic ridge, fissure eruption, lava flows for 6 months, lava flow was diverted
Term
Santorini, Greece
Definition
Rhyodacite, Plinian, took place in a Chaldera but created a larger chaldera, Atlantis, Ash cloud as far as China
Term
Mount St Helens
Definition
Earthquake caused landslide on north face, Landslide caused eruption, Plinian, exploded laterally, Andesite, most economically destructive volcano
Term
Krakatau
Definition
Plinian, Composite, ruptured eardrums 40 miles away, pyroclastic flow, high pressure sound wave that circumnavigated the globe five times.
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