Term
| what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon? |
|
Definition
a hydrocarbon that is either saturated or unsaturated and is linear
|
|
|
Term
| what is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the structure of an aliphatic hydrocarbon? |
|
Definition
a chain that may be straight or branched
may be chains or rings, ring molecules have 2 less H than the chain so that the ends can join |
|
|
Term
| what is an aromatic hydrocarbon |
|
Definition
| it is like an aliphatic hydrocarbon but it has a benzine ring |
|
|
Term
| what is the general formula for an alkane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the general formula for an alkene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the general formula for a cyclohexane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the general formula for an alkyne? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecules with the same molecular formlua but different arrangements of atoms |
|
|
Term
| how do you name an alkane? |
|
Definition
1. count the number of carbons in the longest possible chain to choose the prefix
* any branches are named with the prefix "-yl" eg. methyl or pentyl and then number of the carbon within the branch
* if there are multiple branches of the same name then "di-" "tri-" "tetra-" etc is used although this prefix doesn't count towards alphabetical order of the branches
eg. 3-ethyl-2-dimethylhexane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how to name a cycloalkane? |
|
Definition
if the alkane forms a ring, then cyclo precedes the alkane name
want to name as close to branches as possible, meaning you want the smallest numbers eg. 1-ethyl-3-methyl-cyclohexane
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. the main chain root must have both C atoms of the double bond, even if they're not on the longest chain
2. chain is numbered from the end closer to the C=C bond
3. position of the bond is indicated by the number of the first atom in it and follows the prefix but preceeds the suffix
4. the suffix for alkenes is -ene
eg. 2 ethyl-pent-1-ene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains a carbonyl group (C=O)
R-CHO --> H-C=O
l
R
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains a carbonyl group (C=O)
R-CO-R' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
menthanal (formaldehyde)
larger ones used as fragments
phenylmenthanal = almond flavor |
|
|
Term
| what are some common keytones? |
|
Definition
keytone, change the -e ending to -0ne
acetone (propanone)
unreactuve vs reactivity of Aldehydes |
|
|
Term
| what is carboxcillic acid |
|
Definition
contains C=O and an -OH group on SAME carbon
- change E to -oic acid
ethanoic acid (vinegar)
fatty acids
citric acid
asorbic acid
salicilic acid (asprin)
R-C=O
l
OH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed from carboxyclic acid and alcohols
linkage in fats (triglycerides) and many condensation polymer reactions (polyesters)
triglyceride
fragrant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains Nitrogen
most biological amines are amino acids
bioulding blocks of protiens
histamine
[image][image] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N bonded to a carbonyl group
linkage that holds protiens together (peptide)
polymer linkage (through condensation reaction) in nylon and kevlar
|
|
|
Term
which one of these is an amine and which is an amide?
1. CH3CH2NH2
2. CH3CH2NHCH3
3. CH3CONH2
4. CH3COCH2CH2NH2 |
|
Definition
1 amine
2. amine
3. amide
4. amine (b/c the carbonyl is not next to the N) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mainly applied as an incecticide
toxic to birds, Rachel Carson, discovered DDT implicated in thin egg shells and decline in raptor populations
still a powerful and currently used insecticide to control disease outbreaks of malaria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
applications as refrigerants, propellants, blowing agents, and solvents
trademarked as freon
destructive to ozone layer in stratosphere
light breaks up CFCs to generate free radical chlorine that breaks up ozone and can be regenerated to continue destroying ozone
CFCs are stable in atmosphere
ozone hole occurs over antarctica due to polar stratospheric clouds where, between september-december low temp, ice crystals from in the clouds...seasonal ozone depletion b/c ice crystals provide surface for breakdown of CFCs into reactive chlorine atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used as cooling and insulating fluid in transformers and capacitators
nonreactive, heat and fire resistant
persistant in the environment
accumulate in fatty tissue (nonpolar), variety of health effects, probably carcinogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
capable of being molded
high molecular weight organic materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymers that can be molded only once |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a molecular chain consisting of a repeating subunit (monomer)
involves 1000s of atoms (macromolecules) |
|
|
Term
| what were the first man made plastics? |
|
Definition
| derived from natural polymers (parkesine, celluloid, nitrocellulose) and were very flammable |
|
|
Term
| what was the first synthetic plastic? |
|
Definition
| Bakelite in 1909 (thermosetting) |
|
|
Term
| what are the "Big 6" plastics (names and recycling symbols) as well as their general properties, applications, structure of basic monomer and polymer |
|
Definition
1. PETE (polyethylene terephthalate)
* clear, costly, high impact strength, pop bottles, clothing, video tapes, film
2. HDPE (high-density polyethylene)
* semi rigid, opaque, melts at 130C (dishwasher safe), milk jugs
3. V (polyvinyl chloride)
* high impacts strength, impervious to oils and most organic materials, pvc pipe and bubblewrap
H-C=C-H
l l
H H
4. LDPE (low density polyethylene)
* soft, flexible, melts @ 100-120C (not dishwasher safe), plastic bags, formed through addition polymerization
-(H H)-n
l l
C=C
l l
H H
5. PP(polypropylene)
* opaque, lowe density (lowest of 6), high melting point, bottle caps, carpeting
-(CH-CH2)-n
l
CH3
6. PS (polystyrene)
* clear, rigid, brittle, styrofoam and CD jewel cases
(-CH-CH2-)n
l
benzene ring
foam (styrofoam) is produced by heating polystyrene beads w/ ~5% of a low boiling liquid
CFCs used to be used as these foaming agents until banned
|
|
|
