Shared Flashcard Set

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Enviro
CHAPTER 17
33
Environmental Studies
11th Grade
10/06/2009

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
_____ percent of the energy that heats the earth and all of our buildings comes directly from the sun?
Definition
99%
Term
The sun provides other indirect forms of renewable solar energy such as:
Definition
wind, falling/flowing water, and biomass.
Term
______ sold in the marketplace makes up the remaining 1% of the energy we use, most from nonrenewable resources.
Definition
commercial energy
Term
___% of commercial energy consumed in the world comes from nonrenewable energy sources (fossil fuels, nuclear energy, etc.).
Definition
84%
Term
About 50% of people in developing countries burn _____ of commercial energy consumed in the world comes from nonrenewable energy sources (fossil fuels, nuclear energy, etc.).o heat dwellings and cook.
Definition
wood and charcoal
Term
2._____ energy is renewable as long as it is not harvested faster than it can be replenished.
Definition
biomass
Term
Many people in developing countries face a _____shortage that is getting worse because of unsustainable harvesting of _____.
Definition
fuelwood
Term
Premature deaths are also caused from ____ by burning wood indoors in open fires.
Definition
breathing particles emitted
Term
People in the U.S. consume as much energy in a ___ as a person in the poorest countries consumes in a ____.
Definition
day;year
Term
In 2004, the U.S. used ___ of the world’s commercial energy with only ___ of the population.
Definition
24%; 4.6%
Term
India has ___ of the world’s population and consumes about _% of the world’s commercial energy.
Definition
16%; 3
Term
It takes at least ___`years and huge investments to phase in new energy alternatives to where they provide __-___% of total energy use.
Definition
50; 10-20
Term
What is net energy?
Definition
Net energy is the amount of high-quality usable energy available from a resource after subtracting the energy needed to make it available for use.
Term
What is crude oil?
Definition
Crude oil is a thick, gooey liquid consisting of hundreds of combustible hydrocarbons mixed with small amounts of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen impurities.
Term
What Three geological events led to the presence of oil?
Definition
a. Sediments buried organic material faster than it could decay.
b. Sea floors with these sediments were subjected to the right pressure and heat to convert organic material to oil.
c. Oil collected in porous limestone or sandstone and was capped by shale or silt to keep it from escaping.
Term
____are oil distillation products that are used as raw materials in manufacturing pesticides, plastics, synthetic fibers, paints, medicines, and other products.
Definition
Petrochemicals
Term
____ has the largest supply of oil reserves with 25%.
Definition
Saudi Arabia
Term
The U.S. has only ___% of the world’s proven oil reserves and about one-fourth of that comes from offshore drilling and from Alaska’s North Slope.
Definition
2.9
Term
Known and projected global reserves should last -years, and U.S. reserves for -years depending on how rapidly we use oil.
Definition
42-93;10-48
Term
thick, sticky heavy oil with a high sulfur content.
Definition
bitumen
Term
____ ___consists mostly of methane with small amounts of heavier hydrocarbons and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide.
Definition
natural gas
Term
1. The long-term outlook for ____ gas supplies is better than for conventional oil.
2. ____gas use should increase because it is fairly abundant and has lower pollution and CO2 rates/unit of energy compared to other fossil fuels.
Definition
natural
Term
___is a solid fossil fuel formed 300–400 million years ago. It is mostly carbon with small amounts of sulfur and trace amounts of mercury
Definition
Coal
Term
coal releases____?
Definition
SO2 and trace amounts of mercury and radioactive materials.
Term
a partially decayed plant matter in swamps and bogs; low heat content
Definition
peat (not a coal)
Term
low heat content; low sulfter content; limited supplies in most areas
Definition
lignite (brown coal)
Term
extensively used as a fuel bc of its high heat content and large supplies; normally has a high sulfur conent
Definition
bituminous coal (soft coal)
Term
highly desirable fuel because of its high heat content and low sulfer content; supplies are limited in most areas
Definition
anthracite
Term
C. ___can be converted to synthetic natural gas (SNG) by coal gasification or in to liquid fuel by coal liquefaction.
Definition
coal
Term
what happens in a conventional nuclear reactor?
Definition
isotopes of uranium and plutonium undergo controlled nuclear fission, and the resulting heat is used to produce steam that spins turbines to generate electricity.
Term
what do control rods do?
Definition
regulates the rate of fission and amount of power the reactor produces
Term
what does a moderator do?
Definition
down neutrons) keeps the reaction going
Term
what does a coolant do?
Definition
circulates through the core to remove heat to keep the components from melting and to produce steam for generating electricity.
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