Term
| What is the enactment of any policy or regulation that negatively affects the living conditions of low-income or minority communities at a rate disproportionate from affluent communities |
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Definition
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Term
| Building a waste site in a poor area, because land is cheap there, would be an example of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- nonionizing radiation can interact wit human tissue and is thus considered to be a hazard? |
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Definition
| F- this is ionizing radiation |
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Term
Match disease and mode of transmission:
1- Malaria
2- Dengue
3- West Nile
4- Rabies
5- Anthrax
A. Bite from aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquito
B. Coming into contact with an infected animal or breathing in spores from letters or animal products
C. Female anopheles mosquito
D. Culex mosquito
E. saliva of an infected animal introduced by a bite, scratch, or break in the skin |
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Definition
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Term
Match radiation type and description
A. Ionizing
B. Nonionizing
1. Consists of photon in higher energy ranges, has sufficient energy to ionize atoms by interacting w/ orbital electrons and stripping them away
2. Lower energy waves that cannot ionize other atoms |
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Definition
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Term
| What are are scientists and engineers committed to protecting the health and safety of people in the workplace and the community |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- industrial hygienists are involved with anticipation, recognition, evaluation, prevention, and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace and home which may cause sickness, impaired health and well being, or significant discomfort among workers or among citizens of the community |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an individual employed to advise and enforce public health measures? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- health officers are employed by a health department? |
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Definition
| F- though some are, they can also be employed by the military or the private sector |
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Term
What is any policy, practice or directive that
differentially affects or disadvantages
individuals, groups or communities based on
race or color - whether intended or
unintended. |
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Definition
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Term
Which is not a goal of integrated pest management?
A- Reduce need for application of pesticides
B- Minimize unnecessary health and environmental side effects of vector control activities
C- Assure maximum protection of the public and environment |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is part of an integrated past management strategy?
1. Acquiring detailed information about a pest, including physiology, life cycle, and predators
2. Apply most effective combination of techniques and control strategies
3. Be aware of technical measures available for pests control and the related political, industrial, and environmental factors
4. Consideration of the use of educational, cultural, biological, chemical, and legal controls |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- integrated pest management strategies can use pest parasites, pathogens, predators, resistant crops, and pheromones |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- with nuclear power, much of the pollutant comes from running the facility itself? |
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Definition
| F- actual facility tends to be very clean |
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Term
| Which act addresses the production, importation, use, and disposal of specific chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), asbestos, radon and lead-based paint |
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Definition
| Toxic substances control act |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the toxic substances control act? |
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Definition
| provides EPA with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures |
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Term
| T/F- virtually all potentially hazardous substances are covered under the toxic substances control act? |
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Definition
| F- it excludes substances like food, drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides |
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Term
| What is the main federal law that ensures the quality of Americans' drinking water |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the safe drinking water act allow the EPA to do? |
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Definition
| set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally-occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water |
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Term
Which of the following resulted from the 1996 amendment to the safe drinking water act?
new and stronger approaches to prevent contamination of drinking water;
better information for consumers, (including "right to know");
regulatory improvements, (including better science, prioritization of effort, and risk assessment), and
new funding for states and communities through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main purpose of the occupational safety and health act? |
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Definition
| To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women |
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Term
Which of the following is a means through which the occupational safety and health act operates?
1. Authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act;
2. Assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions;
3. providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health; and for other purposes |
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Definition
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Term
| Which act addresses substances that are, by design, biologically active, applied directly to foods, and are deliberately released into the environment? |
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Definition
| Federal insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide act |
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Term
| In order for a pesticide to be registered w/ the EPA, what must the EPA do? |
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Definition
| Review and evaluate data on the pesticide and and determine it does not present an unreasonable risk to health or environment |
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Term
| What standard does the EPA use when determining whether or not to allow a pesticide to be used? |
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Definition
| avoid an unreasonable adverse effect |
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Term
| T/F- w/ the unreasonable adverse effect standard, the EPA may allow an existing challenged pesticide to continue to be used if no substitute is available? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the 1972 amendment to the FIFRA do? |
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Definition
| Required EPA to retest and reapprove all pesticides already in use |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the 1978 amendment to FIFRA? |
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Definition
| Restricted testing and approval procedures to only active ingredients in pesticides |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the 1975 amendment to FIFRA? |
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Definition
| Required EPA to submit proposed pesticide cnacellations to a scientific panel for review, and had the EPA establish a procedure for public comment on risks and benefits of pesticides b4 initiation of formal cancellation process |
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Term
| What two agencies were formed as a result of the occupational health an safety act? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the goal of the occupational health and safety act of 1970? |
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Definition
| assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation a safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources |
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Term
Match organization and responsibility:
1. OSHA
2. NIOSH
A. Conduct workplace inspections and issue citations and impose fines where serious violations are observed
B. Has responsibility of working w/ states to develop and implement improved occupational health programs
C. Responsibilities for conducting research on safety and health problems, providing technical assistance and recommending standards (to the other organization)
D. Conduct workplace investigations, gather testimony from experts and employees, and require employers measure and report employee exposure to potentially hazardous substances |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- OSHA focuses equally on worker safety and control of occupational illness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which act gives EPA the authority to control hazardous waste from the "cradle-to-grave."? |
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Definition
| Resource recovery and conservation act |
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Term
| What was the purpose of the 1986 amendments to RCRA? |
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Definition
| enabled EPA to address environmental problems that could result from underground tanks storing petroleum and other hazardous substances |
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Term
| What was the focus of the 1984 amendments to RCRA? |
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Definition
| HWSA- waste minimization and phasing out land disposal of hazardous waste and corrective action for their release |
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Term
Which was not a result of the 1984 HWSA amendment to RCRA?
1. increased enforcement authority for EPA
2. more stringent hazardous waste management standards
3. a comprehensive underground storage tank program
4. enabled EPA to address environmental problems that could result from underground tanks storing petroleum and other hazardous substances |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- when exercising authority, the TSCA should not impede unduly or create unnecessary economic barriers to technological innovation while fulfilling the primary purpose of the act? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F- a chemical intended for export can be regulated by the EPA only if if it presents an unreasonable risk to the health of people or environment of the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general objective of the safe drinking water act? |
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Definition
| Ensure that drinking water supplies are free of potentially harmful materials and they meet minimum national standards for protection of public health |
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Term
| What are the two provisions that must be balanced with regards to the Safe drinking water act? |
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Definition
| Cost of controlling human exposure must be reasonable, no safe exposure level to a carcinogen |
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Term
| T/F- MCL must be set at a level that allows no known or anticipated adverse health effects |
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Definition
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Term
| What act gave the authority to the EPA to set national MCL standards w/ regards to contaminants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does the safe drinking water act require the EPA to revise and update regulations regularly? |
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Definition
| B/c feasibility of achieving an MCL or implementing a treatment can change regularly |
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Term
| What amendment to the safe drinking water act gave rise to the drinking-water contaminant candidate list, which listed contaminants which might occur in drinking water and ought to be monitored? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organism was particularly examined with the 1996 amendment to the safe drinking water act? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the purpose of the 1986 and 1996 amendments to the safe drinking water act? |
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Definition
| specified additional contaminants to be regulated and development of acceptable treatment techniques for each |
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Term
Analysis of which of the following was not required under the 1977 amendment to the safe drinking water act?
1. Projected demand for drinking water
2. Extent to which other uses would compete w/ drinking water needs
3. Availability and use of methods to conserve water or reduce demand
4. Adequacy of present measures to assure adequate and dependable supplies
5. Problems that must be resolved to assure availability of adequate quantities of safe drinking water for the future |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following characteristics make farmers a unique work force? (Select all that apply. Wrong answers give negative points)
A. Age range of workers
B. Unique exposures
C. Not all farms covered by OSHA
D. Weak coverage by the Fair Labor Standards Act
E. Many workers are self-employed
F. There are inherently a lot of hazards in the agricultural industry |
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Definition
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Term
Match
1. Groups are selected based on geographic location. Then the development of disease is evaluated
2. Groups are selected based on presence or absence of disease. Then the exposure levels are evaluated
3. Groups are selected based on presence or absence of exposure. Then the development of disease is evaluated
A. Ecologic study
B. Case-control study
C. Cohort study |
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Definition
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Term
| the three methods used for controlling occupational exposures to hazards? |
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Definition
| Administrative controls, engineering controls, and PPE |
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Term
| What are some examples of enginnering controls to control exposure to occupational hazards? |
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Definition
| enclosure, subsititution, isolation, ventilation |
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Term
| What are some examples of administrative controls to control exposure to occupational hazards? |
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Definition
| proper housekeeping, preventive maintenance, job rotation, frequent breaks, short shifts, condition workers physically, implement job variability |
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Term
| Which method for controlling occupational exposures is most effective and why? |
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Definition
| Administrative controls, because these put an emphasis on good housekeeping procedures which reduce, or eliminate, exposure to contaminants for the workers |
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Term
| What types of information need to be gathered to determine what PPE and safety precautions need to be taken? |
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Definition
1. Chemicals/materials working with
2. Conditions working in
3. Equipment appropriate w/ regards to chemicals/materials working with and conditions working in |
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Term
| From the standpoint of environmental health, name at least two potential risks related to climate change and what these two things can cause |
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Definition
Ozone depletion- inc UV rays/skin cancer, cataracts
Global warming- dec crop production, flooding, heat stress, change in vector distribution, |
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Term
| What are some hazards associated w/ nuclear power plants? |
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Definition
| meltdown and radiation release, hazards associated w/ producing and disposing of nuclear material, radiation exposure for workers; if all goes well then very clean though |
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Term
| What are occupational safety precautions? |
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Definition
| Measures to reduce or eliminate risks and specific hazards and dangers that accompany a given job |
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Term
| What are some things a family can do if they are in an area that experiences a toxic gas leak? |
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Definition
| Evacuate, shelter in place, turn off all air conditioning units, close windows, cover A/C/ vents tot he outside with plastic, listen to first responder instructions, wear PPE if necessary |
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Term
| Are there alternative sources of energy that may be better than nuclear energy? |
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Definition
It is all a give and take:
Biomass may have less risks, but it tends to leave a bigger footprint and be more polluting
Wind power can be good, but it can be noisy and only used in rural areas
Solar power is fickle and phtovoltaics can be costly to manufacture and unreliable
Hydroelectric power can be renewable and clean, but there can be environmental insult if a dam built or if there is not a large enough reservoir
W/ fossil fuels, they are nonrenewable and can pollute |
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