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ENV. 101 FINAL
Chapter 23
52
Environmental Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2012

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Ecology and economy are both derived from the Greek word "Oikos" meaning
Definition
Household
Term
Natural capital is that which is created by
Definition
Natural Earth processes
Term
Which of the following is considered Human Capital:

Timber
Solar Energy
Technology such as hydroelectric power
Buildings in a community
Knowledge of History
Definition
Knowledge of History
Term
which of the following is considered Social Capital?

Community Organization
Human Expierences
Technology such as a water treatment plant in a community
knowledge of a community's history
Definition
Community organization
Term
_____is a nonrenewable resourse

Scientific tech
Hydroelectric power
Coal
Definition
Coal
Term
Renewable resources are those that
Definition
will always renew themselves unless we destroy them
Term
An example of an intangiable resource is
Definition
Satisfaction
Term
The economic theory that was originally focused on how the interests and values of individual societal goals is the ______ economic theory.
Definition
Classical
Term
In economic terms "demand" Is how much of something
Definition
People will buy regardless of price
Term
In economic terms "supply" is how much of something
Definition
Is available on the market
Term
A(n)_______relationship exists between supply and demand. Therefore, when supply is high, demand is _____
Definition
Inverse; low
Term
on the classical supply-demand graph ______ is highest when prices are low
Definition
Demand
Term
On the supply-demand graph, market equilibrium is marked
Definition
C. The exact center point where they meet
Term
Using the supply-demand graph, what happens as the price of a good service increases?
Definition
Demand falls and supply increases
Term
Price inelasticity is when _____ while price elasticity is when _____.
Definition
The supply/demand curve is followed; consumers buy a product regardless of cost
Term
Political economy theory incorporates _____ while neoclassical economic theory incorpprates
Definition
The issues of social structures and value systems; objectivity and scientific analysis.
Term
when we purchas a product, the price we pay directly reflect the _____ cost of producing it. If the Manufacture of the product degrades the quality of the air or water, then the cost of this pollution are are termed _____ costs.
Definition
Indirect; incidental
Term
when a factory pollutes a river, the costs and losses that affect people downstream would be called _____ costs.
Definition
Incidental
Term
Ecological economics is different from the other economic theories because it recognizes the
Definition
Human econmy as one part of a dynamic world system.
Term
A stedy-state economy would be marked by___ resource consumption,_____ volume and ______output.
Definition
Low, Low, High-quality
Term
What author critized the idea of commonly held resources in "The Tragedy of the Commons?"
Definition
Garret Hardin
Term
"The Tragedy of the Commons" is based on a view that
Definition
Open access systems can be sustained and promoted
Term
Which of the following is an example of an open access system?
Definition
Cattle grazing on common woodlands and pasturizes in colonial New England.
Term
The price of natural gas doubles. What would happen to the quanity of the natural gas in a market system?
Definition
The quantity decreases because it is too expensive to produce
Term
In a frontier economy, there is usually a relative abundance of ____ because of the inefficiency _____
Definition
Natural resources; of the procedures for gaining access to resources.
Term
The graph shows how _______ when economies develop.
Definition
Prices and quantites fall simutaneously
Term
The price/quantity intersection marked "a" in the graph represents a/an _____ economy.
Definition
Frontier
Term
Which of the following is NOT an effective response to resource scarcity?
Definition
Increasing trade with other regions
Term
In Limits to Growth the Club of Rome predicted that
Definition
Economic collapse is likely if we do not reduce population growth
Term
the computer models published in the 1972 Limits to Growth predicted _____ in the next century
Definition
Population and resource crashes
Term
In response to criticisims of Limits of growth a computer model was published in Beyond the Limits that
Definition
Includes technological progress and pollution abatment
Term
Things like open space or clean air can be considered a resource because they are
Definition
Valued by people
Term
The use of Gross National Products as an indicator of economic well-being
Definition
Is criticized as an inaccurate measure of the quality of life
Term
Which of the following would not be counted as part of the Gross National Product?
Definition
Home health care by a family member
Term
Which of the following indicators is incorrectly matched with the factors it takes into account?
Definition
Gender Development Index - gender and natural resource depletion
Term
The most valuable component of ecosystem services is provided by
Definition
Habitat
Term
In 1997, ecological economists put a price on the goods and services provided by natural systems. This estimated annual value ranged from
Definition
$16-54 trillion
Term
What is the name of the process the lending institution is going through in this scenario?
Definition
Cost-benefit analysis
Term
The analysis
Definition
Includes many subjective judgments
Term
Which of the following is not a major criticism of the type of analysis in the scenario?
Definition
People are willing to answer questions about how much they would spend to save the Amazon rainforest
Term
An example of a market-based incentive for environmental protection would be
Definition
Fees placed on certain types or volumes of a pollutant
Term
The function of the World Bank is to administer
Definition
Major international development aid
Term
One of the highest volume and longest lasting components of landfills is ______________, which will not break down for at least ___________ years.
Definition
Electronics; 5,000
Term
Businesses are now willing to become "green" because
Definition
Doing so improves their image and saves money in the end
Term
Many businesses are exploring and adopting the "design for the environment." Which of the following is not associated with this approach?
Definition
The products of a process are resources for other processes
Term
Environmental protection has been proven to __________ the number of available jobs because __________.
Definition
Increase; labor is usually substituted for natural resources (as in the case of recycling)
Term
Most job layoffs occur as a result of
Definition
Material shortages
Term
Pollution charges and emissions trading are examples of market-based mechanisms for environmental protection.
Definition
True
Term
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements are primarily negotiated among the largest industrial nations. This tends to keep less-developed countries in the role of resource supplier to more developed countries.
Definition
True
Term
The Grammeen Bank is a microlender whose business loans assist mainly low-status women.
Definition
True
Term
What you choose to buy as a consumer does not really influence businesses to produce eco-friendly goods and services.
Definition
False
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