1. segmented body parts
2. segmented legs coming from body parts
3. exoskeleton
4. open circulatory system
5. breathe w/ trachae or gill

1. wings
2. no walking appendages
3. body: head, thorax & abdomen
4. head w/ 1 pair of antenae and paired mouthparts
5. 3 pairs of legs (6)

• breathe through trachae or gill
• skeletal: exoskeleton
• open circulatory system

• protective armor (for wear and tear)
• protects against pathogens
• impermeable to water
• muscle attachment

• head
• thorax
• abdomen

1. chewing: caterpillar
2. piercing & sucking: body lice & mosquitos
3. sponging: houseflies
4. siphoning: moth & butterfly adults
5. chewing & lapping: bees

1. egg stage
2. immature stage
3. pupal stage (complete metamorphosis only)
4. adult stage

types of metamorphosis in insects

(3)

1. no metamorphosis
2. simple, incomplete or gradual metamorphosis
3. comlete/complex metamorphosis

No Metamorphosis

(what it is & example)

• egg, mature, instars, adult
• primitive insects only
• do not molt
• primarily wingless
• growth without change
• immature is termed as "young"
• ex: silverfish, coleopteran beetles, siphonaptera fleas, dipteral true flies, Lepidoptera butterflies & moths, hymenoptera bees, wasps, ants & sawflies

   

Simple, Incomplete or Gradual Metamorphosis

(what it is & examples)

• egg -> immature
• immature: looks like adult but lacks wings
• external wing development
• ex: grasshoppers, blattaria cockroaches, ptheraptera chewing & sucking lice

Complete or Complex Metamorphosis

(what it is & examples)

• has a pupal stage; significant transformation
• immature is called larvee
• egg -> immature -> pupal ->adult
• wing development internal
• ex: beetles, flies, bees, moths, ants

Functional Guilds

(3)

• phytophagous
• predator/parasite
• decomposer

primary consumers

35% of insects eat plants

Ways arthropods value to humans

(6)

• pollinators
• food
• population control
• science & medicine
• decomposer & scavengers
• provide non-food products (silk) 

Ways arthropods are detrimental to humans

(9)

• plant destruction
• vector plant diseases
• adverse effects on vertebrates
  • feeding on living tissue
  • secondary infections
  • vectors of disease
  • toxic by-products
  • annoyance & psychosis
  • destruction of fabrics (moths)

Medical Importance of Arthropods

(10)

• direct agents of disease & discomfort
• annoyance & incidental blood loss
• injury to sense organs
• pathological conditions
• envenomization
• transmit pathological organisms
• entomophobia
• dermatosis
• invasion of hot tissue- mylasis
• allergies

Arthropod-borne disease

(arbodisease)

• an obsession with avoiding arthropods
• worry that leads to nervousness
• arachnaphobia
• detest arthropods

psychological state develops when an individual mistakenly believes that they are being bitten or infested

• it is psychological

irritation of skin through toxins or hairs, inhalation of hairs

• ex: trantuals, beetles

• injection of venom from sting or bite
• productions of toxins when touches or infested
• antigenic compound in saliva
• ex:blister beetle, scorpion, bee

the arthropod responsible for transmission of a causal agent

• transmits pathogen NOT disease
• must feed on two hosts

show signs of disease

mild-severe

Categories of arthropod vectored pathogens

(5)

• viruses
• rickettsia
• protozoa
• helminthes
• bacteria

single cell organism

does not usually acquire strong immunity

species or individual

*specific host not susceptible to pathogen

an immediate response to one incident

*short time reaction

vector to vector

*most common method transmission for arbodiseases

1. lack antennae
2. feeding structure called Chelicerae
3. second pair of appendages may be modified to aid in feeding
4. body divided into celphalothorax and abdomen

scorpionda 

(scorpions)

• most are tropical & nocturnal
• some are 6-7 inches
• pedipalps -> claws
• sting paralyzes
• toxins vary

Solpugida

(sun spiders & camel spiders)

• in PNW can be found in arid environments
• tropical
• nocturnal, predators
• aggressive, bites painful, not serious

• stinging barbed hairs
  • defense mechanism
• trantulas can kick hairs off abdomen and aim them
• hairs can get in skin and eyes causing physical irritation

marine origins:

crabs, shrimp etc....

an organism into which genetic material from a second species has been placed

ex: breeding programs

• defines species in terms of interbreeding - most widely accepted species concept
• explains why members of a species look alike
• "What criteria are needed to make species?"

• contamination through body fragment or fecal matter
• mouthparts regurgitates pathogen
• contamination through contact mechanical movement of pathogen