The arthropod responsible for transmission of the causal agent (pathogen) among vertebrate hosts. A vector transmits a pathogen, not a disease. A vector must feed upon or visit at least two different vertebrate hosts.

Ex. Mosquitos, wheel bug, tetzy fly

A response of the host to the invasion or infestation of the body by a parasite.

• Arbodisease-a disease, the pathogen of which is vectored by an arthropod.
• Ex. Marlaria, west nile virus, African sleeping sickness.

An organism that is dependent on the host for its survival. Not all parasites cause the "disease".

• Ex. Virus, bacteria, fungi

An organism that harbors a parasite that usually supplies nourishment and shelter.

• Ex. Humans, rats, monkeys (yellow fever)

• Virus
• Symptoms: show after 3-6 days, high fever, headache, bleeding gums, and easy bruising.
• Vectors: Mosquitos
• Hosts:monkeys

• Pathogen- protozoan
• Host- Humans
• Vector- Mosquitoes
• Symptoms- sudden fever and chills, headache, fatique and mass destruction of red blood cells

living close to humans

• Ex: Bazaar fly
• Importance:huge economic losses, animal gets stresses, discomfort for humans

• House Fly: Sponging mouthparts, mechanical transmission and non biting.
• Stable Fly: Piercing and sucking mouthparts, bitting fly.

• Complete metamorphosis
• larva are maggots
• larvae is found in rotting organic material or dung
• agricultural pests
• feed on the liquids near the mouth and nose

Measurable amounts of loss due to the muscoid flies bothering the animal

• Ex: A chicken wont lay as many eggs

• Habitat of Larvae: Large rivers
• Adult female black flies: feed on blood
• Adult male black flies: mainly feed on nectar
• How does a black fly feed on blood: they are poole feeders.

nematode worm

• How it developes: female flies take blood from infected human, microfilarae penetrate the gut then the worm migrates to the flies head and mouthparts. Once it gets into the human, the worm continues to develop and molt.

• Worms build up and form nodules
• lymph glands may become infested and swollen
• problems in lungs and liver and may cause tham to fail

• Blindness is the most serious , but also the abandonment of fertile river valleys and the movement to higher less fertile areas

• Started in Africa
• Goal was to eliminate oncoceriasis from 7 west African nations
• Plan was to reduce the number of adults, which would reduce the number of infected humans-breaking the cycle
• Needed to last 15 yrs to be successful

• found in buildingd and around sewage treatment plants
• adults are found near lights and near aquatic breeding sites

• Protozoan disease of skin and mucus
• bite areas cause lesions
• two million newcases each year

• Larve is retained in the female uterus
• molt twice in uterus
• after 9 days of ovulation the fully developed instar larva gets deposited on the ground by the female.
• Adult emerges in about 30 days
• low reproductive rate

Shrubbery where there is lots of shade

• Area where ther are a large number of tsetse flies

often fatal disease  caused by various species of trypanosomes and transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly

Nagana= affects animals especially in domesticated animals

• Consequences:
• Major factor in lack of development of domestic animal production.
• Humans lose a protein source
• ;ack of work animals
• lack manure as fertilizer

they are pool feeders; first they lacerate the skin, which causes bleeding, then they draw the blood up through a food canal. Only females feed on blood, males feed on nector.

Complete metomorphasis

• Immature: temporarily- in tital poopls, rain pools and flooded areas. Permanently- pools, streams,swamps, lakes
• Larvae: molt 3 times; filter feeders
• Pupae: Spend time near the surface; lasts 5-6 days
• Adult:Ingest air and break open pupal case; feed on surface for a few days and mate; female needs blood meal to initiate egg development

• Biological transmission
• Malaria is a protozoan
• mosquitos are the vector
• plasmodium is the pathogen

• Malaria's mortality is high in young children- under one year.
• Distribution: humid tropical areas, seen worldwide

• Importance: currently 300-500 million cases, 1-3 million deaths and a major deterrent to development.
• Management: Bedmets, moving from water

In Italian it means bad air

• Born with a genetic tendency to get sickle shaped blood cells
• Where the disease malaria is common
• Benefits: you can't get malaria

• Pathogen- nematode worm
• Host- humans
• Vector: mosquitoes
• Deblilitating disease:causes loss of energy; weakness
• Causes elephantiais

• occurs in the forest
• maintained in monkeys
• isolated human cases

• Spread by aedes aeqypti
• named after Jaundice
• Epidemic occured in US since 1700's
• Nothing can eliminate yellow fever but you can prevent it by getting a vaccination

• Also known as dengue fever
• Nicknamed this because it caused sever pain in muscles and joints

• Requires a living host in which to develop
• Always parasitic
• Host specific

• Larvae are free living parasites
• normally feed on carrion
• attracted to sick or injured animals and continue feeding even when dead

• Obligatory: has severe economic consequences for domestic animal production; major livestock pest; females feed on opened wounds and lay eggs towards the outside of the wound
• Does kill host eventually

• Most obligate of the myisasis causing flies
• host specific
• adults do not feed or take in nutients

• Attacks cattle but also humans, monkey, sheep and dogs
• Also called "human bot fly"
• Females lay eggs on another species of fly that will go to the host to feed (mosquitoes or face flies)
• Enter the host through feeding wounds, hair follicles or soft fold
• Once on human: intching, boils develop, stong pain of the larval development

Fly maggots feed on dead tissue on the living body. The wound can get a lot cleaner than acually having a surgeon remove dead material

• Main purpose of toxins is to protect themselve and subdue their prey.
• It does not matter the size whenit comes to how toxic their poison is

Don't prduce toxins; are nastey because of their bites.

Plate like structures near neck identify them as males

All spiders are predators.

Made out of silk; prey gets caught in the webbing;

ex: orb webbing

Spiders make a little hole; runs out of hole and grabs it and drags it into the hole.

Ex. hunting spiders

Sit in a place where potential prey are going to come

ex. crab spiders

Symptoms: Neurological: fever, muscle aches, vomiting, nauseous

• Parents locking their kids on a closet with a wasps nest
• neglect of young, elderly, ill
• single occupant vehicle accidents
• insect remains to detail probable path
• insects in drugs
• insects and flood splatter problems
• fly "specks"- blood

• the time between insect colonization and corpse discovery (approximate time since death)
• requires determination of age maggot: depending on what stage the bug is in it can give time of death.

• Rendezvous: all the bugs enter the body, lay eggs
• Feast: Subcorpse fauna develops and everyone eats, all eggs get nutrients
• Exodus: disperal of the body through bugs, the bugs leave the body in search of new food.
• Living lice: means body hasnt been dead for more then two days

Pathogens are transmitted via contaminated body parts, for example mouthparts or the regurgitation of infectious blood or other meal

Ex. a fly that spreads pink eye from cows

The pathogen undergoes development or reproduction in the host arthropod.

Ex. Malaria, African Sleeping Sickness, Chagas disease.

Poole: Black fly

Venas: Mosquitos

• When stung body produces histamins: causes allergy like symptoms
• Use antihistamines: Allergy medicines