Term
| diptera: family syrphidae |
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Definition
hoverflies,flowerflies
some predators
some myrmecophiles
produce ant chemical
larval cuticular hydrocarbons identical to ants |
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Term
| order diptera: family muscidae |
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Definition
houseflies
transport disease organisms (larvae feed on feces/grarbage
sinitation is key to control |
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Term
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Definition
fleas
sucking outhparts with developed palps
usually jumping insects
all parasitic as adults
rat flease vector plague
fleas are a host for tapeworms |
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Term
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Definition
adult never leaves animal host
eggs fall from animal
usually in resting area
larvae mostly feed on adult feces
larvae spin cocoons, pupate, and wait
they can live for moths
emerge when a host returns |
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Term
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Definition
fleas must have an animal host
control fleas on your pet: flea comb pesticide products
flea eggs - wash pet bedding
larvae - pupae - adults: vacuum cleaner
pesticides
growth regulators (methoprene) |
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Term
| order: lepidoptera (butterflies, moths) |
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Definition
larvae and adult morphology strongly divergent
larvae supply most food for life cycle
some larvae are very important pests. some adults are important pollinators
butterflies
moths |
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Term
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Definition
diurnal
knobbed antennae
usually naked chrysalis |
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Term
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Definition
nocturnal
usually drab
filiform antennae
males may be plumose
fuzzy cocoon |
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Term
| skippers (family hesperiidae) |
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Definition
stouter body
hooked antennae |
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Term
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Definition
six true legs attached to thorax
fleshy prolegs on abdomen
with terminal patches of hooked spines (crochets)
usually six lateral stemmata
some, e.g., corn earworm, eat a variety of plants
others, e.g., monarch, specialize on few plants |
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Term
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Definition
family: danaidae
milkweed butterflies
monarch
suquester chemicals from milkweed for protection |
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Term
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Definition
late summer adults emerge
do not mate or lay eggs
cluster rogether and fly to overwintering site
may fly thousands of miles
do not feed through winter
spring: mate and begin to fly north
lay eggs on milkweed
summer: several generations |
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Term
| common lepidopteran pests |
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Definition
family noctuidae
corn earworm, cabbage looper, fall armyworm
control with bacillus thuringiensis
spray when they're small
family pyralidae
indian meal moth, european corn borer, stem borers
indian meal moth commonly infests food
cearls, corn meal, flour, pet food
look for larvae, webbing, adults
find and eliminate access to food
mall amounts of foods in crack will maintain population
store foods in freezer/ refrigerator
especially bulk foods, bird seed
seal foods in tightly sealed containers
DO NOT spray pesticide around food |
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Term
| order trichoptera (caddisfly) |
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Definition
almost all aquatic as larvae
larvae often in cases |
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Term
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Definition
also pupate in case; adults must swim to the top
closely related to the order lepidoptera |
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Term
| order hymenoptera (ant, bee, wasp) |
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Definition
four wings, hind wings smaller
primarily chewing type mouthparts
bees: labium and maxillae form a toguelike structure through which liquid food is taken
ovipositor sometimes modified into a sting (females only).
many social as well as soltary species
many bees and ant species are eusocial, with workers, soldiers, reproductives |
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Term
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Definition
hymenoptera are haploid/diploid
diploid - full complement of chromosomes
haploid - only chromosomes from the female parent
males produces from unfertilzed eggs
females come from fertilized eggs |
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Term
| family formicidae - the ants |
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Definition
about 9000 spp globally
all are social insects
colonies can exist for years
what defines an ant colony?
queen - may be several
workers, soldiers - all female
males live just long enough for mating |
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Term
| argentine ants: global power? |
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Definition
colongy stretches 3,700 miles across europe
california colony covers 560 miles
japan supercolony |
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Term
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Definition
swarming depends on warmth/humidity
mating occurs in the air
new queens lose wings. males die |
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Term
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Definition
nearly all tropical
very few animals known to grwo ther own food
pieces of leaves are brought into the colony
fungus is grown on the leaves
fungus is the ants' only known food source
fungus and ants not known to exist separately |
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Term
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Definition
bullhorn acacia - mexico and c. america
ants live in the thorns
protect acacia from herbivores
clear away invasice seedlings |
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Term
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Definition
at first, we thought we could eradicate them with insecticides
then, we thought they could not spread up through ga.
fire ants bite and sting
only females can sting |
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Term
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Definition
2-step program
baits twice per year
mound treatements for established colonies |
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Term
| the latest on the Fire Ant Wars |
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Definition
phorids ( a type of parasitoid fly) lay their eggs on the back of the ants.
the larva burrows into the ants head
the head falls off |
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Term
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Definition
endoparasitic on Thysanura, orthoptera, hemiptera, homooptera, diptera, and hymenoptera
six-leeged larvae wait on the flower for host
climb onto host visiting flower
burrows inside; loses legs head, antennae, etc.
male flies away, femlaes never leaves host |
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Term
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Definition
scorpion fly
head usually a prolonged beak |
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Term
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Definition
flies
one pair of wings on thorax
economic/ ecologic - most important pests and beneficials.
disease vectors
primaily saprophagous (feed on decay)
very important decomposers
others are predators, parasites, or parasitoids |
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Term
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Definition
mosquitoes
2500spp worldwide
eggs laid in water or area that will be flooded
must have water to complete life cycle
water preferences differ |
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