Term
| Bloodfeeding insects face many challenges in getting their meal. To circumvent to host's reactions to bloodloss the vector's saliva must contain 4 broad categories of chemicals. Name 3 of the 4 and describe the purpose of each one. |
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Definition
1. Anti-coagulants - prevents blood from clotting/allows vein to keep producing blood.
2. Immunodulators - prevents the immune system from noticing the vector.
3. Anesthetic - prevents the host fom noticing what is occurring, essentially numbing the area while the mosquito bloodfeeds. |
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Term
| Name the 4 species of human malaria. Which one is the most dangerous & why? |
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Definition
1. Plasmodium flciparum
2. Plasmodium vivax
3. Plasmodium malariae
4. Plasmodium ovale
Vivax is cause of benign tertian malaria and it is the most wide spread. |
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Term
| What is it called during the time it takes for a vector to become infective to a person? |
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Definition
| Extrinsic Incubation Period |
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Term
| What is it called during the time it takes for a person to become infective to a vector? |
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Definition
| Intrinsic Incubation Period |
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Term
| Dengue Hemorrhagic fever is a serious complication of dengue. What is thought to cause this complication? |
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Definition
| Prior immunity to different Dengue virus type. It occurs when patient contracts a different dengue virus after previous infections by another type. |
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Term
| What are 3 of the 4 elements in the life cycle of an arthropod-borne disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| There are three mechanisms of biological transmission, propogative, cyclopropogative, and cyclodevelopmental. Describe the difference between these three mechanisms. What mechanism does the malaria parasite use? |
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Definition
1. Propogative - increase in number of vector without making any changes in developmental state.
2. Cyclopropogative - increase in number of vector with making some changes in developmental state.
3. Cyclodevelopmental - making changes in developmental state but not increase in number.
The mechanism the malaria parasite uses is cyclopropogative due to the fact that the amount of vectors is steadily increasing and the developmental state continues to get worse. |
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Term
| Describe the steps mosquitoes take to locate a vertebrate host for a bloodmeal. |
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Definition
| The 3 steps are that the mosquitoes have sex, then the female locates host, through using CO2, heat size, etc., and finally the female mosquito takes a bloodmeal and can begin producing. |
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Term
| How do states monitor the activity of EEE, WEE, SLE, and WN encephalitis? |
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Definition
| Human disease cases, viremic blood donors, veterinary disease cases, infections in mosquitos, birds or sentinel animals. |
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Term
| How do you cure an arboviral infection? |
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Definition
| You can only treat the symptoms - there is no cure. |
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Term
| What does the Macdonald formula describe? |
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Definition
| Describes the vectors capacity, the number of human the vector will reach, the amount of times the vector can bloodfeed, the probability the vector will be successful, and the total amount of hosts the vector could reach. |
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Term
| What does the "p^n" stand for and why is it the most important component of this equation? |
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Definition
| P stands for the probability the vector will survive per day. n stands for the extrinsic incubation period, time required for parasite to develop in vector. It is the most important because without this the disease would not be able to continue. |
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Term
| Name a common anticoagulant used by feeding arthropods. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give the scientific name of the invasive mosquito that has now become established in the Southern US. |
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Definition
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