Term
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Definition
| dragon flies and damselflies, 5000 species |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of Odonata |
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Definition
incomplete metamorphosis: egg, nymph, adult
nymphs and adults are preditors
hunt prey by sight and use legs hairs to catch prey
mucles attached to wings like birds
males are territolrial
regultae temp with wings |
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Term
|
Definition
flattened body
two pairs of wings
biting moutparts
vary large eyes
small antennae
long abdomen |
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Term
|
Definition
aquatic
stage lasts 1 to 3 years
nymph to adult stage is very dangerous
wings must first be pumped with hemolymph |
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Term
|
Definition
| yes, they feed on pest insect |
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Term
| dragonflies v. damselflies |
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Definition
damsels are smaller
damsel hold wings back at rest, dragons hold them out to the side
damsels lay eggs underwater on plant stems, dragons hold them out to side |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the wheel position, male first removes rival males sperm, then make and female are in tandom |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| characterstics of blattodea |
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Definition
incomplete metamorphasis
nocternal omnivors
well adapted to living with humans |
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Term
|
Definition
chewing mouth parts
2 pairs of wings
antennae find food and water, keeps them very clean
tail hairs senstitive to movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| yes, considered domestic pests, but only 20 species of them |
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Term
|
Definition
| blattodea egg sack, hold forty eggs, nymphs break through by sucking air |
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Term
|
Definition
male stroke female antennae to identify sex and species
then offers her food as a gift
meet end to end
female mates once and stores sperm
can have up to seven broods |
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Term
| cockroach defense against "bait" |
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Definition
can smell bait at distence, touch with antennae
chew and taste bait, know its poison |
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Term
| Cockroaches spreading disease |
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Definition
| in the form of bacteria machanically and causes allergies |
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Term
| _____ evolved from cockroaches |
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Definition
| termites, some roaches eat wood like termitesand have protozoan (passed down to baby via feces) in their stummachs to digest cellulose |
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Term
| cockroach fossils are.... |
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Definition
| three hundred million years old |
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Term
|
Definition
| grasshoppers, crickets, and locusts, 20,000 species |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| characteristics of grasshoppers and crickets |
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Definition
incomplete metamorphasis
plant eaters
males produce sound |
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Term
| cricket and grasshoper body |
|
Definition
chewing mouthparts
narrow front wings
strong hind legs for hoping
back wings are fan like
sound receptors on leg or abdomen |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the soil or on a plant |
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Term
|
Definition
in china they are raised to fight
sold as fish bait
genus: gryllus are crickets that are eatin |
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Term
|
Definition
brightly colored (aposematic)
noxious foam from mouth and thorax |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| locust are the ________ pest in the world |
|
Definition
number 1!
plagued us since biblical times |
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Term
|
Definition
nymphs stay in soil several years during drought untill enough ground moisture
each goes through two pharses of being solitary and then being gregarious (swarm) |
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Term
| what causes gregariousness in locust? |
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Definition
| stimulation of hairs on their back legs of solitary locusts leads to swarming |
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Term
| how big can a swarm of locus be? |
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Definition
| can cover 500 square miles and have 50 billion insects |
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Term
| swarms of locusts in africa |
|
Definition
eat 2000 tons of food per day
travel 65 miles per day |
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Term
| predicting a locusts swarm |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
each species has own song
more chirps per second mean higher temp
establish territory
call females
warns preditors |
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Term
|
Definition
| the production of the sound to attract a mate |
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|
Term
| how is cricket sound produced? |
|
Definition
crickets and some ghs rub wig against wing
gh's and locusts rub wing against leg
wings and legs have bumps and ridges
wing can also amplify |
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Term
|
Definition
night because sound attracts predators
safer to be strong silent male who sits near another male while he calls |
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Term
|
Definition
| bugs, aphids, scales, cicadas, 68,000 species |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| hemiptera characteristics |
|
Definition
incomplete metamorphasis
peircing and sucking mouth parts
all are crop pests
transmit disease |
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Term
|
Definition
feed at night
inject anestetic when they bite trhought skin
suck on human blood |
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Term
|
Definition
mouth parts, consisting of beak, swing forward
many are preditors
base of forewing is hardened, while back is membranous
many have stink glands |
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Term
|
Definition
a biological transfer,
most hemiptera are vectors fro disease |
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Term
|
Definition
vector: assassin bug, also know as kissing bug
tryponasoma cruzi
attacks heart slowly, no cure |
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|
Term
| how many die from chagas disease |
|
Definition
one million per year
primarily in south america |
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|
Term
| how does some get chagas disease |
|
Definition
infected kissing bug bites victum
bug then deficates on the victim
victim rubs wound, rubbing infected feces in wound |
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Term
|
Definition
used if victim has chagas
use of live vector to diagnose disease
take live unifected kissing bugs and let them bite victim, if the bugs contract disease then victim has disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| plant feeders, major agricultural pests, born alive |
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Term
|
Definition
membranous wings
beak swings down
soft bodied, thus many preditors
winged and wingless
plant defense: sticky hairs |
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Term
| wingless vs. winged aphids |
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Definition
| if there is overpopulation they will grow wings and fly to new area |
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|
Term
|
Definition
sweet sticky subtance secreted by aphids
allows for water excretion
attracts ants which protect
causes fungal growth
equal to manna |
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Term
|
Definition
| weevils and beetles, 300,000 species (largest) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coleoptera characteristics |
|
Definition
complete metamorphasis
pests of crops and trees
dung is considered valuable food source |
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Term
|
Definition
chewing mouthparts
forewings are hardened, hind wings are membranous
thick exoskeleton |
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Term
|
Definition
special mouthparts and rolls the dung into balls,
civet cats then eat beetles and produce civetone in the anal gland which is used in perfumes |
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Term
|
Definition
imported cows shat everywhere and none of the insect could handle it so grassland began to deteriorate
solution: import dung beetle |
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Term
|
Definition
blister beetle
produces toxin cantharidin |
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Term
|
Definition
hippocrates used as medicine
marquis de sade used as aphrodesiac: produces burning sensation in groin
destroys mucous linings in the body |
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Term
|
Definition
scavengers
divided eyes so can see above and under water
spin in circles to create waves to detect food
carry air bubble to breathe underwater |
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Term
|
Definition
each species has unique flash
male flashes to attract female, female flashes in response
some females mimic other species to prey on males |
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|
Term
| how do fireflies produce light? |
|
Definition
| luciferin, pigment which yields light when combined with oxygen |
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Term
|
Definition
| butterflies, moths, 200,000 species |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| lepidoptera characteristics |
|
Definition
complete metamorphasis
larvvae feed on plants and spin silk
greatest color variation
marjor agricultural pests |
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Term
|
Definition
siphoning mouth parts
wings have scales (modified hairs) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
leaf eating machines
molt four or five times
soft cuticle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
camoulflage warning coloration toxic spines
catapillers |
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Term
|
Definition
feed for flight fuel
mate abdomen to abdomen
females lay eggs on host plant |
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Term
|
Definition
greek: psyche
french: papillon
20,000 species |
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|
Term
|
Definition
looks similar to viceroy
finds mates with sex hormones
m and f perform courtship dance
males use "hair pecils" to dust female with pheromone |
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Term
|
Definition
larvae feed on milkweed
sequester toxic alkaloid, cardenolides
preditors leave them alone
in danger due to habbitat loss |
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Term
|
Definition
came from monarch, return of monarch represents the return of souls of the people who died during the year
200 million migrate to mxico during winter |
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Term
|
Definition
identifying all moths in costa rica
rear larvae to adults then identifies them
use light screen at night to collect adults |
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Term
| co-evolutionary arms race |
|
Definition
plant produces toxin
insect adapt to toxin
plant responds by making a more powerful toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
surface is covered in hairs which are called trichomes
trichomes produce toxins
may be sticky causing the insect to stick to plant
may be spines or hooks |
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|
Term
| defense against herbavores |
|
Definition
silicone oxide in leaves, like eating glass
proteinase inhibitors prevent from digesting food
secondary plant products which are toxic compounds |
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|
Term
| when a plant is wounded it may.... |
|
Definition
limit water loss
prevent fungal and bacterial infection
deter herbibory |
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|
Term
| when a plant is wounded it may... |
|
Definition
wound-heal to give a scab
produce a toxic chemical
exude sap or gum
form a gall with the insect inside |
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Term
|
Definition
fossilized plant resin is amber which is gem
dna is found in the fossil insects
sequence fossil dna
determine relatedness of insects species
recover dino blood from female mesquito |
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Term
|
Definition
generally occur in areas low in nutrients
digest the protein in their prey and have modifies structure to catch insects |
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Term
|
Definition
bright colors attract insects
leaf tentacles have sticky glue
electrical signals cause leaf to curl
leaf uses enzymes to digest prey |
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Term
|
Definition
trigger hairs inside leaf
touching hairs causes electrical signals
two signals cause rapid growth of outer leaf cells
leaf closes on insects and they are digested
these are only native to south and north carolina |
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Term
|
Definition
aquatic
have bladder with atrap door
when prey hit a trgger hair, it is sucked into bladder in one one thousandth of a second |
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Term
|
Definition
flower like; nectar and color attracts insects
inside: downward pointing hairs and loose wax
insects fall in pool and are digested |
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Term
|
Definition
| flies and misquitoes, 90,000 species |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
complete metamophisis
primitave larvae are maggots
many larvae are aquatic |
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|
Term
| diptera are the most _______ |
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Definition
| most harmful order because many member cause disease |
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Term
|
Definition
peircing/sucking or sponging mouthparts
one pair of membranous wings: no hind wings
halteres stabilize and used instead |
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Term
|
Definition
peircing/sucking or sponging mouthparts
one pair of membranous wings: no hind wings
halteres stabilize and used instead |
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Term
|
Definition
| fliers of all the insects |
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|
Term
| hoverflies beat their wings _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wings that provide stability |
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|
Term
|
Definition
regurgitate food which enzymes soften
uses sponging mouthparts get nutrients from food
sees movement very well
use leg hairs to tastes
oily hairs allow for walking on ceiling |
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|
Term
| Flies transmit disease ______ |
|
Definition
| mechanically: they pick up disease from one place and carry it to another |
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Term
|
Definition
maggots are used to eliminate animal farm waste as well as medical treatment
maggots are added to wounds to eat dead flesh, prevents amputation |
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|
Term
| African sleeping sickness |
|
Definition
vector: tsetse fly
disease: protozoan, typansosoma
drug treatment effective |
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|
Term
| African sleeping sickness kills |
|
Definition
65,000 people a year
kills people and cows |
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|
Term
|
Definition
does not lay eggs
egg hatches inside the female
female produces only eight larvae |
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|
Term
|
Definition
egg hatches inside female
larvae develope inside
larvae is born then burries in soil
adult emerges from soil |
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Term
|
Definition
eggs laid in or near water
aquatic larvae and pupae
adults live one to three weeks
female mates in a male swarm
male feeds on flowers
female needs "blood meal" |
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Term
|
Definition
larvae have syphon tube for breathing
female is attracted to hosts carbon dioxide
sound of females wings attract mate |
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Term
|
Definition
peircing and sucking
protective sheath surrounds parts
tube to suck the blood
knife like parts
saliva injector stops blood clotting |
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|
Term
| mosquitos eggs do not develope without _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/6 of humans have an insect vectored disease |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| showed that mosquiotos vector malaria in 1897 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| showed that mosquitos vector yellow fever |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vector: mosquitos
disease: virus
resevoir host: monkey
worst in south america and africa
no effective treatment |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vector: mosquito, anopheles
disease: protozoan, plasmodian
south america, africa, and asiatreatment is effective |
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Term
|
Definition
2 million people per yer
500 million new cases every year |
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Term
|
Definition
mosquito finds infected host
plasmodian mates in stomach
then moves to salivary glands
mosquito finds new host
plasmodian moves to human liver
attacks red blood cells which rupture
cycle repeats every 24, 48, or 96 hours |
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|
Term
|
Definition
controlled in 1950's with ddt
recent outbreaks due to ddt andf drug treatment resistence |
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|
Term
| natural selection in africa (maleria) |
|
Definition
mutation changed structure of hemoglobin which provides resistence to maleria
with one copy of gene, they are carrier and resistant
if two gene copies, they have sickle cell anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complete metamophasis
good jumpers and runners
adults are blood sucking
many are disease vectors |
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Term
|
Definition
peircing sucking mouthparts
no wings
narrow body |
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Term
|
Definition
| 200 times their own length |
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Term
|
Definition
| prtoein found on back of fleas legs, works like rubber band |
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|
Term
|
Definition
world feal expert
discovered females react to sex hormones of pregent host
match reproductive cycle
lays eggs on babies of host |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vector: flea
disease: bacteria, yersinia pestis
antibiotic treatment is effective
75 percent death rate
russia, middle east, western usa, africa |
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|
Term
| bubbonic plague and rodents |
|
Definition
bacteria enters flea with blood meal
multiply in flea gut and bock entry to it
seeks new host
feeds on new host
regurgitates blood with bacteria
host is now infected |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vector: mosquitos
disease organism: roundworms
causes swollen appendages
300 million in southeast asia have it |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vector: black flies
disease: roundworms
20 million infected
cause itchy loose skin
dradual loss of sight
no effective treatment |
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|
Term
|
Definition
resemblace of a edible species to an unpalatable species which serves as model to decieve preditor
monarch is toxic, viceroy is not
viceroy mimichs monarch and blue joy learns to avoid it |
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|
Term
|
Definition
natural resemblence of two or more unpalatable species to enhance preditor avoidence
ex) two butterflys are BOTH toxic |
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Term
|
Definition
| resembence of organism to its back ground |
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