Term
| Pple don’t really complain about hearing loss. About 1 in 10 pple with hearing loss do complain. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common chronic handicap in the US: |
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Definition
hearing loss
22 million Americans have some degree of hearing impairment
Only 10% of people 65 years of age or older report having normal hearing |
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Term
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Definition
- conductive
- sensorineural
- mixed |
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Term
| Conductive hearing loss originates in the __ or __ ear. |
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Definition
- external or middle ear
Passage of sound to cochlea is obstructed or reduced secondary to cerumen impaction, fluid, congenital deformities, tumors, trauma, or otosclerosis within the sound-conducting apparatus |
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Term
| Symptoms of cerumen impaction: |
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Definition
- hearing loss that gradually worsens
- tinnitus
- dx: look in ear |
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Term
| Impaired eustachian tube function- impaired opening or closing, defective mucocilliary clearance may cause pathological changes to middle ear |
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Definition
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Term
| Eustachian tube dysfunction may lead to __ __ and/or a ___. |
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Definition
| adhesive otitis and/or a cholesteatoma |
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Term
| normal physiological function of the eustachian tubes: |
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Definition
- ventilation and pressure regulation of the middle ear
- protection of the middle ear from nasopharyngeal secretions and sound pressure
- clearance/drainage of middle ear into nasopharynx |
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Term
| A functional and patent eustachian tube is necessary for ideal middle ear sound mechanics |
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Definition
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Term
| List the 3 eustachian tube function tests: |
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Definition
1. Pneumatic otoscopy
2. Tympanometry
3. Valsalva test |
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Term
| Pneumatic otoscopy- examination of the tympanic membrane assesses the patency and perhaps the function of the tube |
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Definition
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Term
| Tympanometry measures __ __ __ with an __ __ __ to assess __ __ __. |
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Definition
- middle ear pressure
- electroacoustic impedance meter
- eustachian tube function |
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Term
| Valsalva test- the eustachian tube and middle ear are inflated by a forced expiration with the mouth closed and the nose pinched by the thumb and forefinger |
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Definition
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Term
| Presbycusis is the loss of hearing that __ occurs in most individuals as the __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
Hearing loss is a common disorder associated with aging. About 30-35 percent of adults between the ages of 65 and 75 years have a hearing loss.
It is estimated that 40-50 percent of people 75 and older have a hearing loss |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- speech of others seems slurred/mumbled
- high pitched sounds like "s" and "th" are difficult to hear/distinguish
- conversations are difficult to understand, especially when there is back ground noise
- mans voice easier to hear than high pitched womans voice
- certain sounds seem annoying and very loud
- tinnitus
tmt: hearing aids |
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Term
| Hearing problems in elderly can result in ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when the __ or __ __ of cranial nerve __ is affected, preventing transmission of auditory signal to the brain. |
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Definition
- cochlea
- cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII |
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Term
| Causes of sensorneural hearing loss: |
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Definition
- ototoxicity
- presbycusis
- Meniere's disease
- trauma
- noise induced hearing loss
- multiple sclerosis
- autoimmune disease
- tumors
- hereditary/genetic |
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Term
| An acoustic neuroma is a __ __ __ tumor of __ __ __ of the __ ___. |
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Definition
- benign primary intracranial tumor
- myelin forming cells
- vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) |
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Term
| Incidence of acoustic neuromas peaks in the __ and __ decades and are equal between men and women. |
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Definition
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Term
| Earliest symptoms of acoustic neuromas include ___ __ __ __. |
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Definition
| ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss |
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Term
| symptoms of acoustic neuroma: |
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Definition
- ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss
- tinnitus
- headache
- vomiting
- altered consciousness |
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Term
| Ototoxicity is damage to the the hearing/balance functions of the ear by __ or __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ototoxicity is caused primarily by __. list them. |
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Definition
antibiotics
amikacin (Amikin) kanamycin (Kantrex)
streptomycin tobramycin (Nebcin)
neomycin netilmycin (Netromycin)
gentamicin (Garamycin) vancomycin (Vancocin)
erythromycin (E-Mycin, Eryc) |
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Term
| 2 classes of drugs besides antibiotics that cause ototoxicity: |
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Definition
- Diuretics (loops): furosemide (Lasix), bumetanide (Bumex)
- Anti-cancer drugs: cisplatin (Platinol), Vincristin(Oncovin) |
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Term
| Prognosis of ototoxicity depends on the causative drug and its dosage. There is no cure. Hearing aids may help. |
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Definition
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Term
Acoustic trauma is injury to the hearing mechanisms in the inner ear due to very loud noise.
caused by:An explosion near the ear
Gunshots
Long-term exposure to loud noises (such as loud music or machinery)
Symptoms- Hearing loss
Usually partial and involving high-pitched sounds
May slowly get worse
Noises, tinnitus in the ear
The hearing loss may not be treatable. The goal of treatment is to protect the ear from further damage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Includes components of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Primary component should be identified
Causes include trauma, otosclerosis, chronic otitis media |
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Term
| presentation of hearing loss depends on __ of disease |
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Definition
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Term
| If the hearing loss if fluctant, what are you thinking? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sudden hearing loss is a medical emergency: |
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Definition
Trauma, such as a head injury.
Abnormal tissue growth.
Toxic causes, such as snake bites
Neurologic causes such as multiple sclerosis.
Early medical intervention increases the chances for recovery. |
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Term
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Definition
Was the onset of hearing loss sudden, progressive, or fluctuant?
How long has the patient been aware of a change?
Is the hearing loss unilateral or bilateral?
What is the patient’s family history?
What is the patient’s exposure to noise?
What is the patient’s medication history?
Were there any precipitating events, such as an upper respiratory tract infection or trauma? |
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Term
| Any abnormal findings on cranial nerve examination are suggestive of serious central nervous system (CNS) pathology |
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Definition
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Term
| In an adult without a recent history of upper respiratory tract infection, the presence of fluid in the middle ear necessitates referral to an otolaryngologist for a complete head and neck examination to rule out carcinoma. |
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Definition
| adult, no URI, effusion in ear> refer to rule out cancer |
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Term
| Weber looks at conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. Rinnes just looks a conductive hearing loss. |
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Definition
- conductive mechanism: outer and middle ear
- sensorineural mechanism: inner ear and auditory nerve |
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Term
| With the Weber test, if the patient has conductive hearing loss, the noise will lateralize to the ___ ear. If someone has sensorineural hearing loss, it will lateralize to the __ ear. |
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Definition
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Term
| what fork do you use for Weber and Rinne's tests? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - normal or bilateral symmetric hearing loss |
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Term
| Rinne test is used to detect __ hearing loss and assess the severity. |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive Rinne test means __ conduction is longer than __ conduction. This suggests __ __ or ___ hearing loss in the __ ear. |
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Definition
- air
- bone
- normal hearing
- sensorineural hearing loss in the tested ear |
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Term
| A negative Rinne test means the __ conduction is greater than the __ conduction, suggesting a __ hearing loss of at least __ __ in the __ ear. |
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Definition
- bone
- air
- conductive
- 20 dB
- tested ear |
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Term
| what do you if Weber or Rinne is abnormal? |
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Definition
| refer to ENT for additional evaluation |
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Term
| acute causes of conductive hearing loss: |
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Definition
- foreign body
- trauma
- burn
- laceration
- fracture
- barotrauma
- TM perforation |
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Term
| acute causes of sensorineural hearing loss: |
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Definition
- acoustic neuroma
- vascular occlusion
- Meniere's disease
- Labyrithitis (viral/bacterial) |
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Term
| progressive causes (>24 hours) of conductive hearing loss: |
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Definition
- otitis externa
- acute otitis media
- tumor
- otosclerosis
- cerumen impaction |
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Term
| Progress causes (>24 hours) of sensorineural hearing loss: |
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Definition
- presbycusis
- noise- induced
- acoustic neuroma
- ototoxicity
- inner ear autoimmune disease |
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Term
| __ __ is usually necessary for definitive diagnosis of hearing loss cause. |
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Definition
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Term
| normal conversation is how many decibils: |
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Definition
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Term
| Noise-induced hearing damage is due to __ and __ of exposure. The safe exposure limit is __ ___ for __ hours a day. |
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Definition
- duration and volume
- 85 dB
- 8 hours |
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Term
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Definition
Behind the ear
In the ear
In the canal
Completely in the canal
CROS (Contralateral Routing of sound)
Implantable
Fully
Partially
Bone-conduction aids
Traditional
Baha (3 parts titanium implant, ext. abutment, sound processor) |
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