Term
| The fovea is the concentration of __ at the center of the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dilate pupil 2.5% or 10% Neosynephrine oph. drops
Patient seated, looking straight
Examiners R. hand & eye for R. side & L. to left
Darken room
Index finger on lens wheel; scope to brow |
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Term
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Definition
Media (red reflex) – cornea, AC, lens, vitreous
Optic disc – size, shape, color, margins, cup
Vessels – arts, veins, course, A/V crossing, diameter
Macula – 1.5DD temporal to disc, avascular, fovea
Periphery – surrounding retina, color, pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| 2:3. If an artery is 2, the vein is 3. Artery should be 2/3 as big as vein. Vein should be bigger. |
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Term
| Cortical spokes in the red reflex suggest __ __ development. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When looking at a fundus, the disc is __ so it is closer to the __, while the macula is __. |
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Definition
- disc is medial closer to the nose
- macula is temporal |
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Term
| Normal: Macula is darker in color with central lighter fovea with no vessels crossing it. |
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Definition
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Term
| The cup to disc ratio should be less than ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| light first hits media and vitreous and then through retina> rods and cones> pigmented layer of retina> choroid (big vessels and big pigement cells, this is where the light reflects back to you so you can see details of retina). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the filter between the retina and the choricoid? |
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Definition
| - Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE) |
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Term
| The retina has 2 main layers, what are they? |
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Definition
- clear Sensory Layer with rods and cones- this is what detaches with retinal detachment
- Retinal Pigmented Epithelium |
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Term
| With primary open angle glaucoma, optic nerve ischemia occurs. The classic presentation of this is a __ ___ on the edge of the __. |
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Definition
| - superficial hemorrhage on the edge of the disc |
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Term
| look at slide 23 and figure out |
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Definition
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Term
| manifestations of hypertensive retinopathy: |
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Definition
- dilated veins
- marked av ratio
- superficial retinal hemorrhages
- cotton wool spots |
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Term
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Definition
1. Physiologic gel
2. Collagen network
3. Mucopolysaccharide- Hyaluronic acid
4. Loose attachment to retina- Optic nerve
5. Volume 4cc |
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Term
| Vitreous lays against the __. |
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Definition
| retina (look up an eye diagram) |
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Term
| Occlusion of retinal vessels is associated with: |
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Definition
- Cardiovascular disease
- Diabetes
- Glaucoma |
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Term
| A __ __ is a plaque of cholesterol in the eye. If you see this, check their __, __, and do __ __. |
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Definition
- Hollenhurst plaque
- carotids, heart, and do blood work |
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Term
| Papilledema is __ __ that occurs from increased __ __, like from a __. |
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Definition
- disc edema
- increased intracranial pressure
- mass |
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Term
| 5 top causes of blindness in the United States: |
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Definition
1. Macular Degeneration (13%)
2. Diabetic Retinopathy (12%)
3. Glaucoma (11%)
4. Cataracts (9%)
5. Amblyopia (4%) |
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Term
| 500,000 Legally Blind in the U.S. More Than Half Are Elderly |
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Definition
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Term
25,000 New Cases Of Legal
Blindness Annually in the U.S. in People 65 Years of Age and Older |
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Definition
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Term
| Most elderly have excellent vision. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Cephalgia – refractive, muscle imbalances, glaucoma, migraine, vascular, CNS
2. Foreign body sensation – F.B., conjunctivitis, keratitis, lashes
3. Burning, smarting, itching – refractive, allergic conjunctivitis, fatigue, exposure, drying
4. Aching, burning, throbbing – uveitis, retrobulbar neuritis, carotid aneurysm, glaucoma, local inflammation |
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Term
| Cephalgia (headache) is most common symptom of the human race and less than 10% are eye related, glasses are not a big part of this equation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalgia as related to eye conditions could be due to: |
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Definition
- refractive
- muscle imbalances
- glaucoma
- migraine
- vascular
- CNS |
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Term
| Foreign body sensation in the eye could be due to: |
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Definition
- foreign body
- conjuctivitis
- keratitis
- lashes |
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Term
| Burning,smarting, or itching could be due to: |
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Definition
- refractive
- allergic conjuctivitis
- fatigue
- exposure
- drying |
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Term
| Aching, burning, or throbbing could be due to: |
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Definition
- uveitis
- retrobulbar neuritis
- carotid aneurysm
- glaucoma
- local inflammation |
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Term
| Aching, burning, or throbbing of the eye indicates a __ eye problem. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Florsine strip: moisten it and use blue light and it will flouresce to show corneal abrasions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Presbyopia is a condition in which the lens has lots its ability to __, making it difficult to see objects ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| When testing a pts vision that is over 45 y/o, do you let them wear their glasses and why? |
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Definition
| - Yes b/c they have presbyopia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Macular disorders are disorders of the __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Common red eye disorders where treatment is indicated: |
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Definition
- Stye
- Chalazion
- Blepharitis
- Conjunctivitis
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage
- Dry eyes
- Corneal abrasions (most) |
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Term
| Vision-threatening red eye symptoms that require referral: |
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Definition
- decreased vision
- ocular pain
- photophobia
- circumcorneal redness (limbus)
- corneal edema
- corneal ulcers/dendrites
- abnormal pupil
- elevated intraocular pressure |
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Term
| A stye is a red bump in the __ due to inflammation of a __ __. |
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Definition
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Term
| A chalazion is inflammation of the __ __ ___ caused by chronic __ or __. |
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Definition
- eyelid margin glands
- chronic conjuctivitis or blepharitis |
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Term
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage: |
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Definition
| : presents as red eye, mild trauma, not serious, just treat with cold pack |
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Term
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Definition
| inward turning of eyelid- surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| outward turning of the eyelid- surgery |
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Term
| Pt comes in and says their eyes are turning blue, you notice a gray ring, what is the dx? |
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Definition
| - Corneal arcus- mostly just due to aging, not high cholesterol |
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Term
| Most common cause of blindness world wide: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where the cornea and sclera come together |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment: numbing drops and nudge off with q-tip. |
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Term
| managment of bacterial corneal ulcer: |
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Definition
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Term
| Chelazion- big lump of occluded inflamed meboium gland- chronic granulomatous inflammation- so pt might say its been here 3 months and antibiotics won’t work> drain it, deaden first with lidocaine |
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Definition
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Term
| Flat pupil on bottom, beebee gun tore iris loos from normal position |
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Definition
| Iridodialysis B. B. Injury |
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Term
| Normal intraocular eye pressure: |
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Definition
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Term
| Random side note: blue light also shows herpes simplex on eyes as well as corneal abrasions. Herpes will be dendritiform. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
No steroids unless strong specific indication
(Always) take vision
Never give Rx for topical anesthetic
Irrigate foreign body and chemical injuries
Use only short acting cycloplegics (see Drops)
Patch superficial non-infectious anterior injuries
Consider systemic and CNS disea |
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Term
Generalist is front line defense against blindness
Routine visual screening for all patients
Blindness: Second greatest fear in U.S.
Referral to Ophthalmologist
Most blindness is preventable |
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Definition
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Term
| look through eye powerpoints at pictures and diagrams |
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Definition
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