Term
| First branchial arch derivatives |
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Definition
Meckels (mandibular)
- head/neck malleus, body/short incus
- Nerve: CN V
- Artery: Imax
- Pouch: ET and middle ear |
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Term
| Second branchial arch derivatives |
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Definition
Reichert (hyoid)
1) Nerve: CN VII
2) Artery: Stapedial
3) Pouch: tonsil
4) Muscle: stapedius, posterior digastric, facial nexpression
5) Bone: manubrium malleus, long process incus, stapes suprastructure, lesser cornu/upper portion of hyoid |
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Term
| Third branchial arch derivatives |
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Definition
1) Nerve: CN IX
2) Artery: Common and ICA
3) Pouch: thymus, inferior parathyroid
4) Muscle: stylopharyngeus
5) Bone: greater cornu and lower body of hyoid |
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Term
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Definition
1) Tragus
2) Helical crus
3) Helix
4) Anti-helix
5) Anti-tragus
6) Lobule |
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Term
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Definition
1) Facial: tonsillar, ascending palatine
2) Ascending pharyngeal
3) Lingual: dorsal lingual
4) Imax: Descending palatine, greater palatine |
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Term
| Anatomic relationship between AEA, PEA and optic nerve |
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Definition
- AEA 24mm from anterior lacrimal creest
- PEA 12mm posterior to AEA
- Optic nerve 6mm posterior to PEA. |
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Term
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Definition
- Superficial spreading most common
- Nodular agressive
- Mucuosal is worse: failure is local recurrence and not mets. Elective neck is NOT helpful. |
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Term
| Treatment and prognosis by melanoma depth |
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Definition
- Clark 1 (E) 100%, Clark 2 (E and PD) 93%, Clark 3 (E, PD/RD junction) 74%, Clark 4 (E, PD, RD), 39%.
- Depth >1mm, perform SLNB (or < with agressive features) .
- <2mm needs 1cm margins, >2mm depth needs 2cm margins. |
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Term
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Definition
Amides (2 i's): liver
Ester (1 i's): AChE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Subtreshold in bad ear and supratreshold in good ear. |
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Term
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Definition
Recruitment= uncomfort at louder
Rollover= worse WRS hearing at louder |
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Term
| Where are slow and fast phases of nystagmus driven? |
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Definition
Slow= VOR
Fast= paramedian pontine reticular formation |
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Term
| Jahrsdoerfer: Criteria for surgery |
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Definition
50% of atresia patients are surgical candidates. 8 or greater is good.
2- stapes, oval window, round window, middle ear space, pneumatized mastoid, CNVII, maleus and incus (-1), incus and stapes, external ear |
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Term
| Most common complication of cholesteatoma and location of facial nerve injured during surgery |
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Definition
Horizontal canal erosion
Tympanic segment |
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Term
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Definition
| 8h at 90dB. 5dB 1/2 time rule. 95 is 4h, etc. |
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Term
| What is dynamic range of good HA candidate and how is it calculated? |
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Definition
>45dB is good.
DR= Uncomfortable loudness level- SRT |
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Term
| Major odontogenic cysts and tumors |
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Definition
1) Dentigerous (follicular) cyst: defect in enamel, ameloblastoma formation in cyst wall
2) OKC: distinguished by keratin lining, need larger resection, part of Gorlin syndrome
3) Ambeloblastoma: benign, localy aggrsive.
4) Radicular/Periapical: Most common- burned out tooth infection |
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Term
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Definition
AHI 5-15 mild (treat if symptoms)
AHI 15-30 (treat if symptoms)
Severe >30 (treat) |
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Term
| Malignancy potential of leukoplakia and erythroplakia |
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Definition
Leukoplakia- 5-10%
Erythroplakia: 50% with show dysplasia or CIS on biopsy |
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Term
| Meds used for oral dryness in Sjogrens and radiation |
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Definition
1) Pilocarpine (Salagen): cholinergic agonist
2) Cevimeline (Evoxac): cholinergic agonist for sjogrens
3) Amifostine: chemoprotectant sometimes in XRT xerostomia |
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Term
| Types and treatment of adenoid cystic |
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Definition
Tubular (best), cribriform (medium), solid (worst).
Surgery + XRT
Skip lesions, nerves, lung most common distant site |
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Term
| Granular cell tumor location in larynx |
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Definition
Posterior 1/3 of vocal cord
Conservative excision
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
3% malignant transformation |
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Term
| Malignancies of vocal cords |
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Definition
| SCCA, Chondrosarcoma (posterior cricoid), minor salivary gland |
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Term
| Bacteria causing supraglottitis in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| Medical workup for paraganglioma |
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Definition
1) 24h urine VMA and serum catecholamines
2) If catecholamines elevated, get CT to r/o Pheo
Can be AD, so family members get MRIs every 2 years.
10% malignant
Chief cells and Sustentacular cells organized into clusters of Zellballen |
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Term
| Treatment for chyle fistula |
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Definition
<500-700 mL/d, Octreotide, MCT, pressure
> explore and ligate |
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Term
Blood supply:
1) Pericranial
2) Lat dorsi
3) Scapula
4) Fibula
5) Lateral thigh |
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Definition
1) Supraorbital and supratrochlear
2) Thoracodorsal
3) Circumflex scapular
4) Peroneal
5) Profunda femoris |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor response to treatment, not as screen. Too expensive. |
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Term
| Antibodies in Graves and Hashimotos |
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Definition
Hashimoto: anti-TPO
Graves: anti-thyroid stimulating (anti-TSH) |
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Term
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Definition
1) MEN1: pancreas, hyperpara,
2a and b a/w RET mutations
2) MEN2a: pheo, MTC, hyperpara (thyroid at 6 years)
3) MEN2b: pheo, MTC, mucosal neuromas (thyroid at 2 years) |
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Term
| Tertiary hyperparathyroidism- what is it? |
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Definition
Autonomous PTH production after addressing secondary (renal disease).
Could see after renal transplant. |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of peristalsis of LES from loss of aurbach plexus, leading to bird's peak.
Treat medically with CCB, botox. Surgery is dilation or Heller Myotomy |
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Term
Most sensitive and specific test for GERD?
Mechanism of PPI? |
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Definition
pH monitoring. 90% sensitive and specific.
PPI block H/K pump of parietal cells |
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Term
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Definition
1) <6 months: OAE, ABR, BOA
2) 6-36: VRA
3) 3-6 years: CPA
4) >6: standard audio |
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Term
| Criteria for tonsilletomy |
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Definition
| 6-7 in 1 year, 5 in 2 years, 3 for 3 years. |
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Term
| Repair timing for CL and CP |
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Definition
| 10 weeks for cleft lip, 10-18 months for cleft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| Esophageal atresia with distal TEF |
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Term
| Timing of battery damage to esophagus |
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Definition
1 hour: mucosal
2-4 hours: muscular damage
8-12 hours: potential perforation
If in stomach: send home to pass on own. |
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Term
| Midline Nasal mass in child |
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Definition
1) Dermoid: ectodermal and mesodermal
- lower third of nasal bridge
- CT for skull base/IC invovlement
- Surgery
2) Glioma
- Excision unless dural connection
3) Encephalocele
- Fontinculus frontalis, positive Furstenberg (crying enlargment) |
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Term
| Choanal atreasia syndromes |
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Definition
1) CHARGE
2) Apert
3) Crouzon
4) TCS
5) Velocardofacial |
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Term
| Cat Scratch diagnosis and treatment |
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Definition
Warthin-Starry stain showing small pleomorphic gram-negative rods
B. henselae
Antibiotics |
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Term
Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma
1) most common type
2) favorable types |
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Definition
1) Embryonal
2) Orbit, non-parameningeal
3) Chemotherapy and XRT is mainstay |
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Term
| Calculate appropriate pediatric ETT size |
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Definition
16 + age/4
6 year old is 5.5 (16 + 6)/4 |
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Term
| Dissection planes of endoscopic brow lift |
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Definition
| Subperiosteal in forehead and supraperiosteal over temporalis. |
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Term
| Ideal nasal length and projection |
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Definition
1) Length= 2/3 midface height (glabella to subnasale)
2) Projection: 50-60% of nasal nasal legnth (3-4-5) |
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Term
Rhinoplasty deformity.
1) Inverted V
2) Open roof
3) Rocker
4) Pollybeak
5) Saddle nose |
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Definition
1) Failure to re-suspend upper lats
2) Over-resection of hump with inadequate osteotomies
3) Medial osteostomy when correcting open roof
4) Excessive bony dorsum resection with under-ressection of cartilaginous septum, loss of tip projection
5) Over-resection of dorsum |
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Term
Scar management:
1) When to revise
2) Angles for Z plasty |
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Definition
1) 1 year
2) 25%/30/rotates 45, 50%/45 rotates 60, 75%/60 rotates 90 |
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Term
| Most common area of failure in orbital floor repair |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| MRI appearance of cholesteatoma |
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Definition
| Isointense on T1, Hyperintense on T2, DWI restriction |
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Term
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Definition
CVEMP: IPS (inferior VN, posterior SCC, saccule).
OVEMP: superior VN, lateral and posterior SCC, utricle. |
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Term
| Nerves that pass through pterygopalatine ganglion |
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Definition
| Deep petrosal, GSPN, V2, Nerve to pterygoid canal |
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Term
| Alexander, Michelle, Scheibe aplasia |
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Definition
Alexander: cochlear aqueduct
Scheibe: cochlea and sacccule
Michelle: complete labyrinthine |
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Term
| Displacement of carotids in vagal and carotid body tumors |
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Definition
Vagal: ICA/ECA anterior and medial
Carotid: ICA posterior, ECA anterior |
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