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Definition
| Local Access and Transport Area - a specific geographic area within which a local telephone company may offer local or long distance service. |
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Definition
| Inerexchage carrier - provides services to the public between local exchanges on the intra or inter LATA basis incomplinace with local or Federal regulatory requirements |
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Definition
| Telecommunications services through one LATA and terminate in another and calls that are long-distance. |
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Definition
| Refers to the wires that run from the subscripbers PBX, telephone, or key telephone system back to the serving central office. |
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Definition
| Refers to the service area provided by an end office. |
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Definition
| Local Exchange Carrier - provides intraLATA telecommunications within a franchised area |
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Definition
| A point of demarcation at the main distribution from or other device to the customer's service location. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of connecting the calling party to the called party without use of dedicated transport facilityes. It may involve one or more physical switches that recieve the dialed |
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Term
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Definition
| Central Office - refers to a local switching system that connects lines from subscribers and trunks (other switches). Where subriber's lines are joined to the telephone company swithcing equipment to other local subribers or over long distances. |
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Term
| End Office or Class 5 Office |
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Definition
| A switching system within a LATA or market area where customer lines are terminated for purposes of interconnection to each other and to Trunks. The central office connects the customer's equipement and delivers the dial tone to the subscriber. |
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Definition
| Primary Rate Interface Alternate Network Service Agreement - where the dial tone providing office is not the last one before the customer's equipment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. |
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Definition
| A swittching system that provides traffic concentration and distributes calls between end offices or an Interexchange Carrier (IEC. The access tandem provides the interexchange carrier with access to more than one end office within the LATA. |
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Definition
| Any one of the elements of physical telephone plant that is required to provide service. Can include switching systems, cables, microwave, buildings and/or factories. Should refer to a physical plant. |
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Definition
| used to refer to trunks, copper plant, microwave. |
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Definition
| Customers served by differnt switching systems in the same LATA. |
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Definition
| connects major switches to major switches, major switches to minor switches and public switches to private swtches. |
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Definition
| A ciruit switch analogous to the original signal excecpt it is electrically transmitted at a higher frequency. Primarily used for voice transmission, modem, and TTY. |
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Definition
| Converts the analog signal to digital and the binary encoded information is routed between an input and an outpoust port by time division multiplexing (TDM) rather than dedicated circuit. |
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Definition
| Method of combinging the digital signals of multiple connections into a single pathway. |
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Definition
| Technology used in NG work will transmit a callers voice using Voice over Internet Protocol on a varieety of different data transports. |
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Definition
| designed to serve a geographic area where subscribers are within the defined loop length of the CO. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stored Program Control (SPC) switching technology. Remote switching unit is connected to the SPC switching system via a data link and interconnecting trunks. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to interconnect end offices when direct trunking is not economically justified or when alternate routing is justified. Tandems act as a buffer between different systems, centralize services, and concentrate traffic. PROVIDE TRUNK TO TRUNK switching. |
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Term
| Types of Trunks for Tandems (4) |
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Definition
| 2 Wire, 4 wire, Analog or Digital (SS7) |
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Term
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Definition
| The featuer of a switching system by which a call, after encountering an all trunks busy, in the first route choice, is offered to another route to or toward its destination. |
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Definition
| A second or subsequent choice path bewteen two pints, usually consisting of two or more trunk groups in tandem. |
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Term
| Transport Media (Transport Facilities) |
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Definition
| The medium over which tranmission takes place. Types of media include copper wire, fiber optics, microwave, satellite and coaxial. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two insulated copper wires twisted around each other to reduce induction from one wire to the other. Several sets of twisted paris may be enclused ina single cable. The most common type of transmision media. |
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Definition
| Technology in which light is transmitted through thin filaments of glass. The light is turned off/on billions of times per second to represent binary signals. Transmission over fiber is digital. |
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Definition
| Short radio signals transmitting telephone, facsimile, video, and data conversations using electromagnetic waves in radio frequency above 8990 MHZ and below 20 GHZ Very directional and must have a repeater within 30 miles. |
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Definition
| Specialized form of microwave transmission where the tower is the sky. |
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Definition
| Cable composed of a conducting wire known as the core conductor, insualted in the center of another cylindrical conducting wire known as the shield. |
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Term
| 9-1-1 based on Tandem Architecture |
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Definition
| When a call i smade to 9-1-1 the central office serving the caller's area routes the call to the E9-1-1 tandem switch. All of t he specific geographic area rate all 9-1-1 calsl to the tandem resulting in a concentration of 9-1-1- trunks into the tandem switch. The switch (selective router) uses routhing talbe sto send the call to the correct PSAP. |
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Term
| Class Marking or End Office Screening |
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Definition
| When the central office serves customers located in areas served by more than 1 PSAP and use NXX or line level screening to route the call to the correct PSAP. Generally the Central Office sends all of the 9-1-1 calls to the same PSAP and this is preferred. |
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Term
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Definition
| Implies the 9-1-1 routes through the originating serving central office directly to the PSAP (not through a tandem). All 9-1-1 calls from a CO using direct trunking are routed to a specifc PSAP unless the TELCO CLASS MARKS a trunk or line with a designator. |
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Term
| 911 Transport and Signaling |
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Definition
| sending and receiving of control information between parts of a telecommunications network. Signals determine message status, routing, handling, control functions, billing and access capabilities to other networks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dual Tone Multi Frequency (in band signaling) |
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Term
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Definition
| Multi-Frequency (in band signaling) |
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Term
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Definition
| Centralized Automatic Message Accounting - provides the recording of detailed call information at a centralize location other than an end office such as a 9-1-1 tandem. CAMA uses a switch at the Central location to serve as a hub for several COs to collect ALI information, register call duration and route calls. |
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Term
| Multi - Frequency Signaling (MF) |
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Definition
| type of address signaling in which 10 decimal digis and 5 auxiliary signals are each represented by selecting a pair of frquencies out of the folloing group: 700,900,1100,1300,1500 and 1700 hertz. MF pulsing is an in-bankd interoffice address signaling method that uses pairs of frequencies to transmit pulses over the regular talking channels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dual tone multi-frequency(touch tone dialing) 16 tones 0-9, #, *, A, B, C, D. DTMF AND MF are NOT the same. DTMF tones represent signals from a user to the network and MF tones are control signals within the network. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number Plan Digit - the first number of the 8 in an ALI - represents one of four possible area codes for the PSAP area. The remaining 7 digits are the caller's 7 digit phone number. Usually 0-3, 4-7 will cause the ALI to flash or it can be 8 which is used by the E9-1-1 tandem for atomated trunk testing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Key Pulse Code at the beginning of an ALI... KP-NPD-NXX-XXXX-ST |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to selectively route 9-1-1 calls based on the location of the calling telephone. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are still some areas in North America where the caller must call a specialized 10 digit number to reach emergency services and ANI/ALI is not provided to the call taker. |
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Term
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Definition
| Central office or Class 5 office is programmed to point all 9-1-1 calls to a single destination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Central office or Class 5 office is programme dto point all 9-1-1 calls to a single destination and ANI/ALI information is presented to the calltaker. |
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Term
| Basic 9-1-1 with Multiple End Offices (Single E911 Tandem) |
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Definition
| Trunks are concentrated at an E911 tandem office from which a single trunk group serves the PSAP. All 9-1-1 calls going through the tandem office are sent to the same PSAP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective routing, ANI, ALI, selective transfer and fixed transfer and alternate routing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which 9-1-1 calls are delivered to a specific PSAP based on the street address of the caller. Since E911 tandems don't understand addresses and only numbers the street address is converted into an identifier (ESN) that the router (ie E911 tandem) can use. |
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Term
| Enhanced 9-1-1 requires the addition of 3 components |
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Definition
1)Master Street Address Guide (MSAG)
2) translation of address into an ESN
3) Selective Routing Database (SRDB) associtated with the e911 tandem that can translate TN to ESN. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Service Zones - each ESZ contains a set of street addresses seved by three agencies (P,F,M). The EXZs are assigned numbers (up to 5 digits) that the E911 tandem can use for selective routing. These numbers are called ESNs. |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the address ranges within a specific ESZ are identified and assigned an ESN. The database management system then identifies all of the telephohne numbers at those addresses and assigns the ESN to the customer records. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enables one-button transfer capability to Police, Fire, and EMS agencies listed on the ALI display for each call. A short code is transmitted fromt he PSAP to the E911 tandem and the E911 tandem using the ESN bridges teh call with the desired PSAP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Speed dialing - Keys are assigned specific destinations and do not vary based upon ESN that is associated with the call. |
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Term
| Conventional Equipment - PSAP |
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Definition
| ANI Controller/ALI Controller and analog telephone set. ANI comes in over the voice trunk at the beginning of the call and passes it to the ALI controller - the ALI controller sends a query (using ANI) to the ALI database over a dedicated data link. The ALI data is returned over one or both data links and is displayed at the call-taker position. |
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Term
| Integrated Equipment- PSAP |
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Definition
| Intelligent routing and data management system based on ANI-ALI functions and typically an electronic phone set or Computer Tephony Integratio (CTI). ANI data delivered with voice and ALI Query to ALI database over dedicated links. At the same time it uses routing techniques to deliver the call to an available call-taker. |
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Term
| InterTandem Calling (Tandem or Tandem Trunking) |
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Definition
| Calls travel from one E911 tandem to the other on "inter-tandem" or "inter-machine" IMT trunks. Removing the 911 tandem boundaries. IMTs are often used to tarnsfer cals between the PSAPs served by the two E911 tandems. |
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Term
| ANI Failure and Call Routing |
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Definition
| Calls are routed to a designated default PSAP based on the incoming trunk group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ANI is delivered but not recognized (no ALI record) the call is routed based on the NXX code which identifies the rate center. |
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Term
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Definition
| Private Branc Exchange - a single location, multiple buildings, or satellite locations hosted by a PBX. A main telephone number is assigned to the exchange for emergency services. |
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Term
| PBX using main phone number |
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Definition
| Presents as any other 9-1-1 call and the building location will show as the actual location of the station and may not reflect where the call originated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Private Switch ali - PBX owner is responsible for creating and maintainning ALI records that identify each station address. The records are uploaded to the 9-1-1 database management system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Response Location (used with PS/ALI) where a PBX premise is divided into response areas that allow for quick dispatch. Loaded into MSAG with address of location and location information (e.g. floor level). |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Location Identification Number - used in place of ANI during the 9-1-1 call. |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct Inward Dialing Number - assigned to each PBX station - often associated with the MSAG of the PBS number even when it is blocks or miles away. |
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Term
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Definition
| pANI used in lieu of 2 more specific terms ESRK and ESRD |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Service Routing Key - Wireline Compatibility mode and non Call-Path Associated Signaling. Uniquely identifies a wireless emergency call. NOT tower or sector specific - used to route call through nextwork and retrieve ALI data. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emergency Service Routing Digit - uitilized in Hybrid and Call - path associated signaling, one number per towner and potentially per call secro, each call from a given tower and sector uses same ESRD, specific tower and sector info is held in fixe dALI record. By assiciating a unit pANI with each sector the 9-1-1 tandem can be programmed to send calls from a specific cell sector to a specifi PSAP. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudo ANI + Calling Party Number |
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Term
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Definition
| Non Call Path Associated Signaling - devised as a method to deliver the same information to the PSAP without upgrading the 9-1-1 tendem or the PSAP CPE. Instead an upgrade is made to the ALI database to accept call related data from the outside source. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudo ANI, CPN, and Location - long/lat data delivered to PSAP along with phase 1 data. |
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Term
| Hybrid Solution for Wireless |
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Definition
| Devised to deliver phase 1 information to PSAP without upgrading the PSAP CPE. Instead an upgrade is made to the E911 tandem to deliver call related data to the ALI database and the upgrade is make to the ALI database to accept call related data from an outside source. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wireless Service Provider |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Customer Permises Equipment |
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Term
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Definition
| Global Positioning Satellite |
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Term
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Definition
| Telematics Service Provider (e.g. onstar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Automatic Collision Notification (used by telematics service providers) |
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