Term
What was the Big Idea of the Enligtenment?
There was belief in _____ and natural laws. |
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Definition
1) that Natural science and reason could explain life
2) Deism |
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Term
| Who disagreed with Hobbes and said that humans were good but lacked protection? |
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Definition
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Term
What did Locke believe the government should protect?
If the government fails to do this, then the people should do what? |
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Definition
1) natural rights, life, liberty, and property
2) Rebel |
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Term
In Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding, what did he say was the key in human development?
What was Tabula Rusa? |
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Definition
1) Education
2) That the human mind started out as a blank state and that passive senses shape it |
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Term
| Who advocated complete toleration of ideas such as religion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the Philosophes? |
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Definition
| group of critics, political reformers, and religious skepitcs who were commited to fundamental reform in society |
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Term
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Definition
| Enligtenment philosopher who wanted change like religious toleration. |
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Term
What was a more benevolent type of absolutism?
Who influenced several of these people? |
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Definition
1) Enlightened Despotism
2) Voltaire influenced these enlightened despots |
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Term
Who wrote Spirit of the Laws and called for a separation of powers into 3 branches of government?
This is similar to the US _____ & balances. |
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Definition
1)Baron de Montesquieu
2)Checks |
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Term
| What was Jean-Jacques Rousseau's point of view toward human nature? |
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Definition
| It was naturally good, but it was corrupted by the materialism of society. |
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Term
| What did Rousseau believe about General Will? |
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Definition
| That the majority of people should control the nation like a democracy |
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Term
What was expressed in Rousseau's Emile?
Who were these idead directed toward? |
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Definition
1) Learning by doing
2) Women |
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Term
Who was the founder of the Encyclopedia?
What did it contain?
What did the Pope think of it? |
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Definition
1) Denis Diderot
2) All of the ideas from various Enlightenment philosophers
3)Didn't like it, so he placed it on the Index of Forbidden Books. |
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Term
What was Marquis di Beccaria against?
His ideas influenced _________ ___________. (type of ruler) |
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Definition
Torture and Capital punishment.
Enlightened Despots. |
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Term
| What was the Salon Movement? |
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Definition
| When many of the brightest women came to share their ideas of the Enlightenment |
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Term
Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?
How did philosophers/leaders feel about women in the Enlightenement? |
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Definition
1) Influential person who promotes equality for women
2) Didn't really let them have any choices, repressed them |
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Term
| What gave people a chance to invest and get more money in the Commercial Revolution? (not stocks) |
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Definition
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Term
Who were the major families of the Commercial Revolution?
Where were the major locations of banks? |
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Definition
1) Fuggers in Germany and Medicis in Italy
2) Antwerp in Flanders, Amsterdam in Netherlands |
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Term
What was a chartered company?
What were joint stock companies?
What was a place where people could buy parts of a company and later benefit for how much they put in? |
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Definition
1) State given monopolies (Dutch East and British East India Company)
2) Private investors who polled their money to invest in companies
3) Stock Market |
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Term
| Based on the economics before during the Commercial Revolution, what new industries and goods were produced? |
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Definition
| Cloth, mining, printing, books, cannons, sugar (most important) and many others |
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Term
In the Price Revolution, more money was being made which led to an ________ in prices.
This benefited which class? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Price Revolution, since the middle class was rising, which class went down and didn't benefit? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Government controlled economy and had the colonies benefit the mother country.
Controlled imports/exports for a balance of trade. |
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Term
| Describe modern Capitalism. |
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Definition
| Government shouldn't be involved, and their should be free amount of trading and having more than one person selling something to promote competition for quality products. |
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Term
Who wrote Wealth of Nations and was considered basically the father of Capitalism?
He said the most efficient form of an economy requires other companies to ________ with each other. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 Natural Laws of Economics? (Efficient) |
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Definition
1) Self Interest
2) Competition
3) Supply and Demand |
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Term
Who was Francois Quesnay?
Did his group oppose mercantilism, or were they for it?
He instituted ______ faire in agriculture. |
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Definition
1) Leader of the physiocrats
2) Opposed
3) Laissez faire |
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Term
Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau all influenced the French Revolution and classic _________.
What was it? |
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Definition
1) Liberalism
2) Belief in liberty and equality before the law, and natural rights |
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Term
| In Classic liberalism, there was belief in progress through education and ____, human ____, and human _____. |
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Definition
1) Reason
2) Dignity
3) Happiness |
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Term
Many of the beliefs during the Enlightenment were for religious ____, freedom of _____, and just _______ for crimes.
Which enlightened philosophers were for each one? (3) |
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Definition
1) toleration, speech, punishment
2) Voltaire, Rousseau, Beccaria |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) belief that argued the need for spiritual devotion/religious experience |
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Term
Who was the founder of Methodism?
What did it teach?
This person allied with the ________ who had been earlier persecuted by Louis XIV. |
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Definition
1) John Wesley
2) Spiritual regeneration and a moral life that would demonstrate being born again
3) Jansenists |
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Term
| Classic Liberalism influenced which 3 revolutions? |
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Definition
1) American
2) French
3) Industrial |
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Term
| The revolutions in the 19th century were also brought about by what type of capitalism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Classic liberalism, capitalism, and education influenced Enlightened despots in what 4 countries? |
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Definition
1) Prussia
2) Russia
3) Austria
4) France |
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