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| in Marxist theory, the material relations (relations of production, resources, etc) upon which the superstructure is built |
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| The capitalist class who own most of society's wealth and means of production and is, by extension, in conflict with the proletariat |
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| An anti-art, anti-bourgeois, anti-war movement that stressed nonsense over sense, the irrational over the rational, and anarchy over order. Among its expressions are random-word poetry and nonsystematic collage. Tristran Tzara was among its leading proponents |
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| Marxist theory that political and historical events result from the conflict of social forces and are interpretable as a series of contradictions and their solutions. The conflict is seen as caused by material needs |
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| An artistic movement originating in Italy around 1909 whose aim was to express the energetic, dynamic, and violent quality of contemporary life, especially as embodied in the motion and force of modern machinery. Filippo Marinetti was a leading proponent, whose own vision took on misogynistic and fascist ideals |
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| Poetic movement that emphasized the direct presentation of objects through concentrated, unadorned language. One intention was to allow the uniqueness of an object to become manifest through concentrated imagery free of poetic embellishment |
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| A theory or practice in literature emphasizing scientific observation of life without idealization and often including elements of determinism |
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| Work of art that combines themes and styles from various sources in such a way as to appear obviously derivative |
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| The exploited and dehumanized working-class, alienated from its labor and without any ownership of the means of production |
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| A theory of writing in which the ordinary, familiar, or mundane aspects of life are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner that is presumed to reflect life as it actually is |
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| A literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur |
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| In Marxist theory, the ideologies or institutions of a society as distinct from the basic processes and direct social relations of material production and economics |
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| A literary and artistic movement that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious and is characterized by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter. Automatic writing was its chief expression in literature. André Breton was among its leading proponents |
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| A nineteenth-century literary movement, largely French, that strived to reveal truths through indirect language, symbolic imagery, and the use of synesthesia. Its works often create the sense that life is mediated through symbol |
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| The description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another |
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