A limited number of options (usually two) is given, while in reality there are more options.

Ex. Either you're for me or against me.

In order to show that something is unacceptable, a sequence of increasingly unacceptable event is shown to follow from that thing. 

Ex. If we pass laws against fully-automatic weapons, then it wont be long before we pass laws on all weapons, and then we will begin to restrict other rights, and finally we will end up living in a communist state.  Thus, we should not ban fully-automatic weapons.

When a person simply ignores someone's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exagerated, or misrepresented version of that position.

Ex. 1: "This university just cut our yearly budget by $10,00."

2: "What are we ging to do?"

1: "I think we should eliminate one of the teaching assistant positions. That would take care of it."

1: "We could reduce our scheduled raises instead."

2: "I can't understand why you want to bleed us dry like that."

When an arguer introduced a completely separate topic or argument in order to distract attention from an argument they can't win.

Ex. Father: "Lucy, why did you come in so late last night? you were two hours past your curfew?!"

Lucy: "Oh my gosh, when I came in I noticed that the car was scratched all along the door. Didn't Steven drive the car yesterday?"

This fallacious reasoning creats fear which does not count as evidence to support a claim.

Ex. You know, Mr. Smith, I really need to get an A in this class. I'd like to stop by during your planning period later to discuss my grade. I'll be in the bulding anyways, visting my father. He's the principal, by the way. I'll see you later."

The reader is told to agree with the claim because of the pitiful state of the author.

Ex. How can you say that's out? It was so close, and besides, I'm down ten games to two.

A claim is held to be true because many people believe it to be true.

Ex. Polls suggest that the Libertarians will for a majority in the government, so you may as wel vote for them.

The person presenting the argument is attacked instead of the argument itself.

Ex. How can Arnold Schwartzenegger say taht he'll be a good governor? He's spent his career as an action movie hero who can barely say two lines!