Term
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Definition
-Puritan
-leading founder of Massachusetts
-wrote one of the leading historical accounts of the early colonial period
-Wrote "The History of New England," a journal of his journey from England
-shifted from personal observations to broader spiritual ideologies and political matters |
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Term
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Definition
-Puritan
-First poet and female writer to be published in north American colonies
-"The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America" 1650
-generally intimate, to her family
-use of metaphors and natural imagery
-themes of women's roles, morality, mortality |
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Term
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Definition
-Puritan
-philosophical theologian
-conceptions of beauty, harmony, and ethical fittingness, and how central The Enlightenment
-Large role in First Great Awakening: a Christian revitalization that swept protestant Europe and British America and the Colonies in the 1730s-40s
-Wrote "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God": sermon emphasizing that hell is real and God has given them a chance to rectify and to practice restraint
-and "The Life of David Brainerd": about missionaries and countering Dutch theology |
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Term
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Definition
-Mid 1700's
-Second published African American poet and first published African American woman
-Wrote "Poems on Various subjects, Religious and Moral"
-3 elements: Christianity, classicism, and solar worpship, thus a conglomeration of Africa/America
-Sun and Jesus are synonymous |
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Term
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Definition
-Early 19th century
-Historical romances of frontier and Indian life in early America
-Wrote "Leatherstocking Tales" and "The Last of the Mohicans" |
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Term
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Definition
-Mid 19th century
-Af. Amer. social reformist, writer, and statesmen
-leader in the abolitionist movement
-autobiography: "Life and Times of Frederick Douglass": covering events through and after the civil war
-firm believer in equality of all people, black, female, indian, immigrant... |
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Term
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Definition
-In office 1801-1809
-American Founding Father , third president during revolution of 1800, over saw Louisiana purchase and sent Lewis and Clark
-Democrat
-Wrote Declaration of Independence
-for separation of church and state
-every man has equal unalienable rights |
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Term
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Definition
-Part of the American Romantic Period early 1800's
-mystery and macabre like "The Raven"
-early practitioner of short stories and detective fiction
-human goodness and died at an early age from alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
-16th president of the US, assass. in 1865
-Lead through the American Civil war and preserved the union and abolished slavery
-Gettysburg Address: dedication to principles of nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy |
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Term
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Definition
-1861-1865
-Slave states succeeded to become the Confederacy against the Union North
-led to abolished slavery |
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Term
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Definition
-Late 1800s
-Realist author, early examples of Naturalism and Impressionism
-"Red Badge of Courage": civil war novel about a man who fleed from the army and longs for a wound to redeem himself
-realistic style and imagery, ironic tone, reflects inner experience of protagonist
-realistic themes of spiritual crisis and fear, extreme isolation
-"George's Mother" |
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Term
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Definition
-late 1800s-1940s
-used detailed realism to suggest social conditions
-environment had an inescapable role in shaping human character
-dipicted everyday reality opposed to romanticsm or surrealism
-influenced by Darwin's evolution; i.e. heredity and social environment determined one's character |
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Term
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Definition
-Naturalist writer late 1800's
-wrote about feminism, exploration of female independence, and women's roles in "The Awakening"
-used observations around her to create naturalism |
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Term
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Definition
-key figure of 19th century literary realism
-use of point of view, interior monologue and possibly unreliable narrators add depth to his narrative fiction
-frequently juxtaposes characters from Europe with the new world, e.g. feudal civ. vs brash and free america
-often female protagonists suffering abuse
-simple direct style, romances or social commentary
-"The Portrait of a Lady": contrast of Europe and America |
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Term
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Definition
-depictions of contemporary life and society as it was during the time
-everyday and banal experiences and activities |
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Term
| Charlotte Perkins Gillman |
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Definition
-1800's-1900's
-American feminist, writer of short stories, poetry, and non fiction
-semi-autobiographical "The Yellow Wallpaper" about post-partum depression |
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Term
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Definition
-1800's-1900's
-American novelist, play write that eschewed the narrative, linear, and temporal conventions
-hermetic novels and streams of consciousness poems were designed to evoke the excitingness of pure being (repsonse to artistic movements like Cubism, plsticity and change)
-"The Autobiography or Alice B. Toklas" years in Paris |
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Term
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Definition
-Early 1900's
-Naturalist
-Use of Dramatic Irony, lots of love that will never happen due to circumstance and character foils
-Wrote "Ethan Frome," "The House of Mirth," and "The Age of Innocence" |
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Term
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Definition
-early 1900's
-Naturalist
-My Antonia
-influenced by Henry James
-themes of Nebraska and immigration |
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Term
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Definition
-early 1900's
-Modernist poet and playwright
-The Wasteland:slippage between satire and prophesy, abrupt changes of speaker location and time=structural complexity
-and The Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock=shift from Romantic verse and lyrics to modernism, extensive Dante, bible, and shakespeare references |
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Term
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Definition
-Early 1900's
-leading poet in the Harlem Renaissance/"Negro Movement"
-Wrote "The Ballad of the Brown Girl"
-contemporary of Hughes
-"Yet I Do Marvel"-about racial identity and injustice |
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Term
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Definition
-first half of 1900's
-jazz poet, part of harlem rennaissance
-"black is beautiful"
-historical themes, imagery, pride, identity, uplift of his people
-Dream keeper |
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Term
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Definition
-Irish American playwright and noel laureate
-comedy "Ah, Wilderness"
-all plays ivolve degrees of tragedy and personal pessimism
-communist/radical ideals
-Japanese noh theater and Greek influences |
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Term
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Definition
-poet and woman of color
-perspectives on racial dynamics
-experienced prejudice growing up, attended Hyde Park (all white) and eventually attended an integrated school
-"Annie Allen" won pulitzer prize |
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Term
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Definition
-first half of 1900's
-understated, economical style
-"The Sun Also Rises"
-member of modernist expatriate community
-"The Old Man and the Sea"
-Themes of good and evil, women and death, emasculation,
-spokesperson for the post WWI generation |
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Term
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Definition
-mid 1900's author
-Canadian American
-Jewish life/identity is a major theme
-tragic episodes, philosophic conversation, high culture offset with jokes
-characters with heroic potential to the contrast of negative society
-alienness or sense of otherness |
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Term
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Definition
-mid 1900's play wright
-"Death of a Salesman":time shifts, commentary on American dream, stream of conciousness, past and present boundaries are destroyed mirroring Willy's failing mentality
-and "The Crucible":allegory on blacklisted communists
- |
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Term
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Definition
-mid 1900's playwright, screenwriter
-linked with left wing politics
-"The Children's Hour" |
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Term
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Definition
-1950's African American novelist, playwright, poet, critic
-explored palpable, yet unspoken intricacies of racial, sexual, and class distinctions in 20th century America.
-fictionalize and fundamentalize personal questions and complex social and personal pressures
-exploration of gay and black men
-"Giovanni's Room" written before gay equality
-"Go Tell It on the Mountain": sense of violent unrest and outrage
-dealing with black and white characters and with heterosexual, gay, and bisexual characters
-works struggledw ith the turbulence of the 1960s |
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Term
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Definition
-Russian Novelist, 20th century
-"Lolita" exhibits love of intricate word play
-actualism over realism
-influenced by Russian war and turmoil
-believed reading needed to be higher by focusing on structure and style |
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Term
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Definition
-20th century Native American author
-"House Made of Dawn": collection of poems reshaped into a novel corresponding to life occurrences
-Native American Renaissance: reclaimation of NAism through literary expression, discovery and reevaluation of eary NA texts
-during a generation where NA's who were coming of age with an outside reservation education
-conditions for NAmer's were still very harsh |
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Term
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Definition
-Contemporary African American writer
-known for epic themes, vivid dialogue, and detailed characters
-"Beloved" and "song of Solomon" and "jazz"
-vital role in black literature during 1960s
-focus on black women, but not a feminist |
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Term
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Definition
-Contemporary African American poet/author
-"I know why the caged bird sings": tells of her life and internal recognition and acclaim
-one of the first Af. Am. women to pibicly discuss her personal like and defended black culture
-center around racism, identity, family, and travel
-fictional autobiographies |
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Term
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Definition
-Contemporary African American poet and author
-second to receive Pulitzer Prize
-"Thomas and Beaulah"
-wide ranging topics and precise language with which she captures complex emotions |
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Term
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Definition
-Native American writer
-key figure in the first wave of the Native American renaissance
-was not allowed to participate in tribe
-"The Man to Send Rainclouds"
-work deeply rooted in Laguna myth |
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Term
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Definition
-African American writer
-second wave of Native American Renaissance
-"The Plague of Doves" and "The Round House" |
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Term
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Definition
-American Chicano author
-"Bless Me, Ultima" 1972
-struggled to get his book published with both spanish and english |
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Term
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Definition
-American Asian writer
-"The Joy Luck Club": about four chinese women and their american born daughters |
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Term
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Definition
| -Giving the audience information that one of the characters does not have, putting the audience before the character in terms of knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
-Discrepancy between the result and the actual results in a situation
-e.g. Dorothy discovers she had the power to go home the entire time |
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Term
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Definition
-said intentionally by the speaker
-different meaning than what the words said imply "as clear as mud" |
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Term
| Modernism poetry in English |
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Definition
-appeared with Imagism
-many were short compact lyrics with the development of longer poems
-looked back to the best practices of ancient poets and cultures
-moved away from stringent rules of Romantic movement and excesses of Victorian movement
-brought poetry to other classes |
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Term
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Definition
-father of Modern poetry (Whitman=grandfather)
-Imagism
-"Upon a wet black bough"
-was stupid and antisemetic |
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Term
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Definition
-"New Negro Movement"
-cultural expressions across the NE and midwest US
-flowering of Negro Literature
-Themes: racial pride, uplift, encompassed wide variety of cultural elements and styles, blues jazz, low life, modernism and jazz poetry
-influence of slavery, emerging thoughts on institutional racism, performance for whites and how to convey contemporary black experiences |
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Term
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Definition
American Abolitionist and author
-wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" a depiction of life for African Americans in slavery
-huge anti-slave inspiration |
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Term
| Anglo Saxon Period Literature |
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Definition
Germanic tribe who migrated to Britain from Northern Germany
-old english
-epic poetry, hagiography, sermons, bible translations, chronicles
-Beowulf is most famous |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -lengthy narrative poem, detailing heroic deeds specific to a culture/nation |
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Term
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Definition
little epic
a brief narrative poem with a romantic or mythological theme |
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Term
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Definition
-composed of religious writing as well as secular works
-Le Morte d'Arthur
-Allegories |
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Term
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Definition
-cultural movement from the 14th-17th centuries
-innovative use of Latin, resurgence of learning based on classical sources, vernacular literature (specific to the printing press new availability) thus widening the audience
-Heavy emphasis on greco-roman works and foundations
-employed humanist method in study, searched for realism and emotion
-Greco-Roman inspired
-motion of feudalism to capitalism, move away from restrictive middle ages
-Shakespeare, Milton, Alexander Pope |
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Term
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Definition
-shift from reason to sense, feelings and imagination
-emotion and imagination are more important than reason or formality
-emphasis on love of nature, a respect for primitivism, and valuing the common/natural man
-idealize country life, attracted to freedom of oppression, human rights, introspection |
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Term
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Definition
-Romantic Hero
-arrogant, cunning, cynical, moody, intelligent, attractive
-Mr. Rochester |
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Term
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Definition
Old English poem
-anglo saxon
-alliterative rather then rhyming |
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Term
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Definition
| evocative poetic descriptions of everyday things e.g. ring giver |
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Term
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Definition
-author of Pearl an alliterative poem written in middle english
-also wrote sir gawain and the green knight
-unidentified
-contemporary of chaucer
-describes landscape of region and interest in poverty as a christian virtue |
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Term
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Definition
-father of English literature
-wrote the canterbury tales
-accentual meter, five stress line into rhyming couplets, used regional dialect
-canterbury written in midst of western schism; themes of religion, black plague, social class and convention
-used vernacular rather than french or latin |
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Term
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Definition
wrote Le Morte d'Arthur
-a compilation of romantic tales about king arthur and co.
-closer to early modern english than middle english (like chaucer) |
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Term
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Definition
English poet/playwright of the Elizabethan era
-wrote the jew of malta and doctor faustus |
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Term
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Definition
-poet, satiricst
-metaphysical poet
-use of metaphor "The Flea"
-everday speech rhythms, tense syntax and tough eloquence constrasted with smooth elizabethan poetry
-metaphysical conceit, tying two different things together
-poetic rhythm resembled speech |
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Term
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Definition
-english literaturist
-"A Dictionary of the English Language" effect on modern english |
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Term
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Definition
-wrote during a time of religious flux and upheaval
-wrote epic poem "Paradise Lost"
-reflect personal convictions, self determination, a passion for freesom, and issues about political turbulance |
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Term
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Definition
18th century English poet
-satires and translated Homer
-Mock epid "the rape of the lock"
-wrote about systems of ethics, heroic couplet |
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Term
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Definition
anglo-irish satirist
-wrote satires like Gulliver's Travels and A Modest Proposal
-used Horatian and Juvenalian satiric styles |
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Term
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Definition
| playfully criticizes social vices through gentle and lighthearted humour |
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Term
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Definition
| contemptuous and abrasive satire |
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Term
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Definition
Scottish poet and lyricist
-wrote in standard english, much the people's poet
-pioneer of the romantic movement
-wrote Aud Lang Syne
-A red red rose
-themes: republicanism and radicalism (as a result of the French revolution during his lifetime), socializing through folk songs and whiskey
-style: spontaneity, directness, and sincerity
-relied on classical, biblical, and english literature, used different anglo dialects |
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Term
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Definition
-Romantic Age
-prophetic poetry
-expressive creativity, hostile to church of england, but devout to the bible |
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Term
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Definition
Major Romantic poet helped to launch the Romantic Age in Eng lit with "Lyrical Ballads"
-the poet of nature, the purity of childhood, and memory
-themes of death, endurance, seperation and greif |
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Term
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Definition
-english poet
-contemporary of Wordsworth
-founder of romantic movement and Lake Poets
-wrote Rime of the Ancient Mariner
-used personification and repetition to create a sense of danger
-e poet of imagination, exploring the relationships between nature and the mind as it exists as a separate entitity |
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Term
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Definition
-english novelist
-romantic fiction
-realism and irony, lots of irony
-critiques portrayels of women in sentimental and gothic novels |
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Term
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Definition
-major romantic poet
-lyric poet
-husband of mary shelley
-wrote about classics; "prometheus unbound" |
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Term
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Definition
express personal or emotional feelings
-usually present tense
-specific rhyming schemes |
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Term
| Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley |
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Definition
-Wrote frankenstein
-Gothic, frame story
-themes of feminism, belonging, and loss |
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Term
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Definition
-Eng poet
-romantic movement
-"Don Juan"
-at odds with Wordsworth and Coleridge
-created "Byronic Hero" and acted like one |
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Term
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Definition
-Romantic English Poet
-sensual imagery, used in odes |
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Term
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Definition
-English Writer
-Victorian period
-"Pickwick Papers" serial narrative fiction
-working class, debt, episodic , satirical, caricature |
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Term
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Definition
Eng. novelist + poet
-"Wuthering Heights" only novel
-Romantic |
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Term
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Definition
-Wrote Jane Eyre
-combination of Gothic and naturalist melodrama
-innovative, first book to cross classes |
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Term
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Definition
-British poet/critic
-sage writer, one who chastises and instructs the reader on contemporary issues
-simplicity of style learned from the greeks
-judgmental |
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Term
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Definition
Roman Catholic convert and preist
-experimental poet in prosody and use of imagery
-Victorian |
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Term
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Definition
Victorian realist poet/novelist
-naturalism
-v. critical of Vic. society
-examined constraints of society |
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Term
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Definition
-irish poet 20th century literature
-Symbolist poet, using allusive imagery and symbolic structures, suggesting other abstract, use of symbols, the physical suggesting immaterial
-early: draw on folklore and myth
-"The Tower"
-master of traditional form |
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Term
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Definition
Irish novelist/poet, early 20th century
-"Finnegan's Wake" and "Ulysses"
-stream of consciousness, many styles |
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Term
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Definition
-naturalist playwright 20th century
-addresses social problems but have veins of comedy
-themes: education, marriage, religion, government, healthcare and class privilege |
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Term
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Definition
-English novelist and playwright
-reflections on the dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization
-modernism |
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Term
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Definition
modernist author of the 20th century
-wrote during interwar period between wwi&wwii
-lyrical novelist, creating auditory and visual impressions that elevates the banal
-feminist |
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Term
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Definition
-Anglo-American poet 20th century
-stylistic and technical achieements
-engaged with moral and political issues, variety of tone, form and content
-religion and morals
-relationship between unique humans and the impersonal world of nature
-intense, dramatic left wing political poet/prophet
-combined traditional with new
-love, politics, citizenship, and morals
-left wing |
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Term
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Definition
welsh poet
-"do not go gentle into that good night"
-refused to align with any literary movement, but part romanticsm and modernism
strict verse forms
-unity of all life
-cycles of growth, love, and procreation, new growth, death and new life
-bible, freud, and welsh folklore
- |
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Term
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Definition
-20th century British novelist, poet, playwright
-modernism, post modernism, feminism, socialism, sci fi
-communist, psychological, and sufi themes explored space fiction
-"The Grass is Singing" |
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Term
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Definition
Contemporary Irish poet
-influenced by irish/english sectarian differences |
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Term
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Definition
-epic about King uruk gilgamesh, Sumerian
-written on tablets, part human part god
-reconciliation with mortality and finding meaning in life despite mortality
-built half the city |
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Term
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Definition
-large texts from India
-sanskrit literature oldest scriptures of Hunduism
-four vedas |
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Term
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Definition
-the covenant God made with the people about their salvation before Christ came
-moses and 10 commandments |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
-religious texts of Islam
-warnings about what allah would do to mankind if they didn't listen, then later center around regulations on societal behaviour
-revelations revealed to muhammed in Mecca by Gabriel
-considered more holy is read aloud |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
-ancient chinese philosopher
-"Tao Te Ching"
-founder of Taoism
-Tang imperial family
-Anti authoritarian |
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Term
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Definition
-calrity of language and simplicty of thought
-sharp images
-Distinctive way in which individuals experience love
-divine love songs |
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Term
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Definition
-ancient Greek tragedians
-Oedipus, Antigone
-role of the chorus, opportunity for conflict and character development
-dramatic irony
-scene painting |
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Term
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Definition
-comic playwright of ancient Athens
-"old" comedy
-sexual and scatalogical humor, buffoonery, much ridicule
-recreate the everyday world of athens better than anyone |
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Term
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Definition
-Roman poet
-Aeneid
-Augustus period, epic poems, didactic, pastoral poetry |
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Term
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Definition
Chinese poet
-Tang dynasty/Golden age of China
-all about joys of life
-poetic traditions, fantastic imagery, nnostalgia, different viewpoints |
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Term
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Definition
Female Japanese novelist
-"Tale of the Genji"
-formal chinese style about mundane thing=parody/satire
-tyranny of time and sorrow of romantic love |
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Term
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Definition
-Iranian ancient mathematicians
-contributed to calendar reform
-Poet, small numbers |
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Term
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Definition
-South Asian spiritual philosopher
-mystic poet concept of tawid-union with his beloved whom he has been cut off from and becmoe aloof and wants to restore it
-music, poetry to reach God. music helps to focus.
-simple style meant for middle class, lectures and sermons |
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Term
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Definition
-Italian
-Divine Comedy
-father of the Italian language
-first to be first person narrative as well as fictionalize characters
-reached different classes through vernacular
-introduced that one could interpret a text literally and allegorically |
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Term
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Definition
-influential writer of the French Renaissance
-popularized the essay as a genre, father of skepticism
-influence on psychology |
|
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Term
| Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra |
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Definition
-Spanish writer
-wrote "Don Quixote"=first modern European novel
-featured fictional characters portrayed realistically |
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Term
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Definition
-French playwright
-comedy master wrote "Tartuffe" and "Le Misanthrope"
-huge influence on french comedy |
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Term
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Definition
-Genevan Philosopher, writer, composer
-influenced the French revolution
-Romanticsm invented the modern autobiography
-savages is the best in human development |
|
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Term
| Johann wolfgang von Goethe |
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Definition
-German writer and politician
-epic and lyric poetry, variety of metres and styles
-"Strum and Drang" considered to spark romanticism |
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Term
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Definition
-Russian writer
-master of realistic fiction
-"war and peace" + "anna Kernina"
-teachings about Jesus, became a Christian anarchist
-convey realistic society |
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Term
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Definition
-Russian novelist
-explores human psychology
-"Crime and Punishment"
-physiological and psychological ideas
-father son relationship
-realism and naturalism |
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Term
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Definition
Russian author
-stream of conciousness
-role of the artist is to ask questions not answer them |
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Term
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Definition
-19th century Bengali who reshaped literature and music
-young women were considered marriable based on wealth and beauty (and intellect) |
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Term
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Definition
-german language poet
-mystical, highly lyrical verse and prose
-difficulty of communion, disbelief, solitude, profound anxiety
-existential themes lead to modernism
-Jesus was human |
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Term
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Definition
-Czech author
-existentialism
-lived in a ghetto
-themes and archetypes of alienation, physical and psychological brutality, parent–child conflict, characters on a terrifying quest, labyrinths of bureaucracy, and mystical transformations |
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Term
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Definition
-Spanish poet
-Generation of '27, during Spanish civil war, avant garde
-politically censored, returned to spain during re-establishment of spanish republic |
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Term
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Definition
-pen name of Karen Blixen, Danish
-"Out of Africa" account of experience in Kanya
-traditional style of storytelling, old fashioned
-ideas of romanticism
-wanted to express a spirit that no longer existed in modern times |
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Term
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Definition
-contemporary author
-Absurdism
-ethics, humanity, justice, love, politics
-proponent of existentialism
-dualism between light/dark, comedy/tragedy=appreciation for life and happiness |
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Term
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Definition
-Contemporary Argentinian writer
-embraced the unreality in literature
-"Garden of the Forking Paths"
-philosophical, fantasy, and magical realism
-themes of Argentinian folklore and history
-civil war settings |
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Term
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Definition
-Italian Jewish Chemist contemporary
-wrote "If This is a Man" about Nazism |
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Term
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Definition
-Israeli poet
-wrote in colloquial Hebrew
-use of ancient meanings bringing it into common speech |
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Term
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Definition
-South African
-anti apartheid movement, HIV AIDS activist
-questioning power and relations, racial divisions |
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Term
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Definition
-Russian historian
-helped raise awareness of gulag and Soviet Union labour camps; KGB |
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Term
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Definition
-Chilean poet
-surrealist, political manifests, erotically charged romances, catalog of flora/fauna/geography/history poems
-exiled from chile |
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Term
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Definition
Polish writer/poet
-WWII collection of poems, anti Stalinism
-wrote about how intellectuals behave under a repressive regime |
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Term
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Definition
first African to be to be awarded literature nobel prize
-arrested during nigerian civil war, criticized |
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Term
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Definition
-South Indian
-brought Indian literature into the world
-fictional town of Malgudi to stand for everyday life
-unpretentious natural elements of humour, focus on ordinary people |
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-Canadian poet/novelist
-inspired by myths and fairytales
-canadian identity is symbolic of survival |
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-Arabic writer
-explored themes of existentialism
-espoused Egyptian nationalism, sympathies for post WW era Wafd Party (Egypt's popular and influential party 1920-30s) |
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-Japanese literature
-contemporary
-philosphical issues about nuclear weapons, social nonconformism and existentialism
-sexual metaphors for occupation of Japan
-writing about dignity of human beings |
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-raised in Trinidad
-wistfully comic, bleaker novels of wider world, chronicles of travel and life |
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