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| BRADFORD: In Of Plymouth and Plantation , What messaqge do you think Bradford is trying to convey in this narrative? How might the message have meaning for people today? |
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Definition
| The message Bradford is trying to convey in this narrative is that God favors those who are just. He will punish those who are boastful. He also gets the point across that the Lord has given the Puritans the gift of grace. He has given his power to help them on their journey as well as their new lives. This message makes us aware of God in our lives in this day and age. |
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Term
| BRADFORD: In Of Plymouth and Plantation, In what ways are modern reader both similar to and different from Bradford's original audience? |
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Definition
| Modern readers may now stem from all parts of the world. They are more cultured. Modern readers have a better understanding due to our ability to reference to other things. In the United States specifically one can still see puritan culture in our everyday lives. Bradford's original audience were not so cultured. They only knew and believed one and that was puritanism. |
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| BRADFORD: Did Bradford succeed in writing a document that fulfilled his original purpose? Explain why or why not. |
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Definition
| Yes, he succeeded in writing a document that fulfilled a valid historical resource for people to come after these people. His original purpose was to give thanks and keep record of his people and this document did exactly that. |
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Term
Crevecoeur
Oct.2
1. What is an American according to the author? |
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Definition
| He describes americans as a mixture of many cultures. He describes them as the poor of Europe. A man who leaves behind him all of his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced the new governement he obeys, and the new rank he holds. They are a new race of men who labors for themselves. They are western pilgrims, who are carrying along with them great mass of arts, sciences, vigor, and industry when began long since in the east. They are new men who acts upon new principles; he must therefore entertain new ideas, and form new opinions. An American is an European or the descendant of an European.(micture of blood) |
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Term
| THOMAS PAINE: Common Sense, quote examples of Paine appealing to logic and emotions. |
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Definition
Emotional appeal:
Pg 319
"If there must be trouble let it be in my day that my child may have peace"
Pg320
"The heart that feels not now is dead: the blood of his children will curse his cowardice who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole and made them happy".
Logical appeal:
Pg311
"I have heard it asserted by some, that as America has...."
Pg321
"The cunning of the fox is as murderous as the violence of the wolf" |
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Term
J. Edwards. Sinners in the Hands of God.
Explain how the elements of the Puritan faith and life style are evident in their writings. |
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Definition
Puritans portrayed themselves to be looked at as "City Upon a Hill".
Believed they must do the right thing to enter heaven such as attending church and praying to God.
Men are extremely important in the Puritan soceity. |
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Term
Crevecour Oct 2.
2. Why does he believe that once you are here you are an American nothing else.? |
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Definition
| The settlers of America were only American because "What attachment can poor European emigrant have for a country where he had nothing? The people of America, were only American. The text makes reference to men being like plants. They are only as good as the soil on which they grow. The people of America were freemen. They were farmers. They all held certain principles. There is religious freedom. America is a melting pot. They come from many different cultures, and mend as one. They leave behind the principles of their own country, and accept those of America. After a foreigner from any part of Europe has arrived and became a citizen they devoutly listen to the voice of this New World. |
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Term
| NOTES: On appealing to logic, emotions, ethics, and authority. |
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Definition
Logic means facts
-History
-Examples
-Statistics
-Imagery
Emotions- meaning the way you write it. One uses certain words, "power words" , make an affect on someone. Don't just have a definition, have a connotation. Connotations persuade people emotionally.
Persuasion is writing that presents and argument or message meant to get readers to think or act in a certain way.
Ethics: Appeals to ethics show arguments that are just or fair.
Authority: Appeals to authority show that a higher power supports the idea.
*Charge Words*
The use of words with strong connotations or associations to produce an intense emotional response. |
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Definition
| expressing the same ideas using different words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regardless of the occasion speeches and essays typically include rhetorical devices- patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis, clarify meaning, and stir listeners emotions. There are numerous rhetorical figures including the following types. |
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Term
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Definition
| repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive sentences clauses or phrases. " We shall go on to the end; We shall fight in France , we shall fight on the seas and oceans. |
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Definition
| questions asked for effect rather than answers. |
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Definition
| repeating a grammatical structure "with malice toward none; with chatty for all". |
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Term
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Definition
| Wrote: Legends of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle |
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Term
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Definition
Leather Stocking Tales
Last of the Mohicans
The Pathfinder |
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Term
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Definition
The Fall of the House of Usher
To Helen
Message Founnd in a Bottle
The Raven
The Tell-Tale Heart |
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Term
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Definition
To a Waterfowl
Thanatopsis
The Prairies |
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Term
| Henry Wadsworth Longfellow |
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Definition
The Song of Hiawatha
The Wreck of the Hesperus
The Village Blacksmith
The Cross of Snow
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere |
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Term
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Definition
Favored the imagination over reason
Intuition over facts
Had an intense interest in and reverence for nature
Had an accent on mystery – on the strange and fantastic aspects of human experience.
Had a preference for the common man
The center of human interest moved to the individual
God is everywhere |
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Term
| Romanticism in American Literature |
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Definition
The literature is for pleasure not politics.
The literature gets personal
The literature glorifies the American Landscape.
The literature celebrates America and its people |
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Definition
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Definition
Mainstream Calvinistic thought
absolute sovereignty of God
total depravity of man
complete dependence of humans beings on divine grace for salvation.
importance of personal religious experience. |
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Definition
| Insisted that they had the duty to direct and exclusive control over most colonial activity. |
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Definition
| Government should strictly enforce public morality by prohibiting vices like |
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Definition
| is a fanciful notion usually expressed through an elaborate analogy and pointing to a striking parallel between seemingly dissimilar things. It may be a brief metaphor, but it also may form the framework of an entire poem. |
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Definition
| is a figure of speech in which someone (is usually but not always absent), some abstract quality or a nonexistent personage is directly addressed as though present. Speaking to an object or ideal as if it was a person. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the attribution of human characteristics to non human objects . This is not the same as personification. |
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Term
| When does a man truly have a country? |
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Definition
| When a country provides land, food, shelter, accepts him for who he is, and gives them protection. Says they are plants in the need of transplantation, and provides a chance for growth. |
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Term
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Definition
Imagination over reason
Intuition over facts
Intense interest and reverence for nature
Accent on the mystery on the mystery, strange , fantastic aspects of human experience.
A preference for the common man
The center of human interest moves to the individual.
God is everywhere.
Love of the Landscape.
Writers are allowed to get personal.
All things are not requirements do not need all aspects. |
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Term
| to whom does nature speak and in what language does nature speak? |
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Definition
| To people who love nature in various languages |
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Term
| when should a person "go forth under the open sky and list To Nature's teaching?" |
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Definition
| When someone is at their lowest |
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Term
| In Thanatopsis, what would eventually happen to us? |
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Definition
| The earth will take you back |
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Term
| In Thanatopsis, who will share your destiny? |
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Definition
| All that breathe will share thy destiny |
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Term
| What should you be sustained and soothed by? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the speaker how is nature related to human life? How is nature related to death? |
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Definition
Nature gave birth to humans
When one dies, they are reunited with nature |
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Term
| Rip Van Winkle Symbols for change |
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Definition
The inn to union hotel
People's behavior changes
traditions changed
The newspaper changed. |
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Term
| Rip Van Winkle: Vision of the Hudson |
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Definition
| River is moving on a silent but majestic course is an allegory of movement of a country towards progress and identity. |
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Term
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Definition
Symbol things will stay the same.
A second generation of America. |
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Term
| Rip Van Winkle: What does Rip represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rip Van winkle : the wife |
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Definition
| Represents Britain b4 the Revolutionary war. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Even though these mountains change colors and hues like Americans you are still the same. |
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Term
| A Psalm of Life" decide what is the lesson on how to live life. What does the poet believe to be a mistake people make in their life time? |
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Definition
| They live their lives thinking of death and they should be working every day to make the world better, and not keeping that in mind. He doesn't believe the world is a empty dream for the soul is dead. We have to make a better heaven or earth. People should learn to love their lives. |
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Term
Crevecour Oct 2.
2. Why does he believe that once you are here you are an American nothing else.? |
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Definition
| The settlers of America were only American because "What attachment can poor European emigrant have for a country where he had nothing? The people of America, were only American. The text makes reference to men being like plants. They are only as good as the soil on which they grow. The people of America were freemen. They were farmers. They all held certain principles. There is religious freedom. America is a melting pot. They come from many different cultures, and mend as one. They leave behind the principles of their own country, and accept those of America. After a foreigner from any part of Europe has arrived and became a citizen they devoutly listen to the voice of this New World. |
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Term
| Young Goodman Brown: Faith |
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Definition
| Faith, his wife, name is ironic because he leaves his faith when he goes into the woods. He believes he is strong in his faith in God and man. Faith is a symbol of good in the world. |
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Term
| Young Goodman Brown: Allegory |
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Definition
| Allegory of humans being born in a state of sin. Allegory of faith in the wrong people. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does the narrator’s impression of the entrance to the Try Pots foreshadow the outcome of the novel? |
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Definition
| Try Pots foreshadow the outcome of the novel in various ways. First off, the name of the owner is named Peter Coffin. Peter is the saint that you meet at heaven’s gate while a coffin is what Ishmael uses to save himself in the end. Gallows are also present. Gallows are used to hang people. This puts the fear of death in the narrator’s thoughts. |
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Term
| What does Ahab’s obsession with Moby Dick reveal about his character? |
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Definition
| Ahab’s obsession with Moby Dick reveals that he is very revengeful and that he feels Moby Dick is out to get him. |
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Term
| In what ways is Starbuck different from Ahab? |
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Definition
| 3. Starbuck is different from Ahab in many aspects. Starbuck is a more peaceful character. He is not looking to harm the whale. Ahab is seeking revenge and wants to kill the whale for giving him an Ivory leg. |
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Term
| Why does Starbuck obey Ahab even though he disagrees with him? |
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Definition
| 4. Starbuck obeys Ahab because Ahab is in higher command than he is. Also, he knows that Moby Dick is very valuable. |
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Term
| Why does the rest of the crew join Ahab without hesitation in his quest? |
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Definition
| They joined Ahab without hesitation because Ahab offered a reward. If they joined, the first person to spot Moby Dick would receive a golden coin. |
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Term
On the morning of the third day of the chase, Ahab comments, “Thinking is, or ought to be, a coolness and a calmness; and our poor hearts throb, and our brains beat too much for that.”
How does this comment apply to Ahab’s behavior? How does it apply to the crew? |
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Definition
| This applies to the fact that Ahab is anxious to see Moby Dick and that thinking is the only way to calm him down. The crew is nervous to see Moby Dick as most are afraid of the whale. |
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Term
| What do Ahab’s comments about the wind in “The Chase – Third Day” indicate about his attitude toward nature? |
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Definition
| 7. He views the wind as destructive and does nothing but cause harm. He is saying that wind carries from everywhere such as prison cells and tries to blow near them in an innocent manner. He also claims the wind is not noble. |
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Term
| How has his obsession shaped his attitude to nature? |
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Definition
| 8. His obsession with Moby Dick makes him view nature as an anti-transcendentalist and views nature as destructive. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the fact that Moby-Dick seems “strangely oblivious” to the advance of Ahab’s boat? |
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Definition
| 9. The significance is that Moby-Dick is not worried about being hurt or captured by others, rather it is living on its own and residing in a peaceful state. |
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Term
| What are the anti-transcendentalist features to these chapters? |
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Definition
| 10. It centers on how nature can be destructive and how Captain Ahab views nature. You can point to Ahab’s leg as a source of how destructive nature can be. |
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Term
| Young Goodman Brown: Goodman Brown |
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Definition
| Symbolizes: everyman, loses faith when he stays off the path of religious, at the end he does not believe good will always win, disillusioned with life. Sees hypocrisy in his puritan ancestors |
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Term
| "This individual being shalt thou go/ To Mix forever with the elements / To be a brother to the insensible rock / And to the sluggish clod, which the rude swain / Turns with his plow share and treads upon." |
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Definition
| When one dies they will sustain the earth. They have a purpose beyond their empirical life. |
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Term
| "Yet not to thine eternal resting place/ Shalt thou retire alone." |
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Definition
| When one does they are not going to be alone. |
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Term
| Explain Rip Van Winkle is an allegory for the European sentiment towards the new society in America. |
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Definition
Use Pg 429 The one about the mountains.
This is a story about change. These mountains change colors and hues but they are still the same mountains. This is how the Europeans viewed the society of America. They think they are still the same mountains. This is how the europeans viewed the society of America. They think Americans can say what they want but in the end they are still same people. No matter how things change , some things are always the same. |
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Term
| " This halt lie down/ with patriarchs of the infant world with kings/ the powerful of the earth." |
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Definition
| When on dies they will be with all those who have fallen before them, and they will not be distinguished by class but will be equal. |
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Term
Dec. 12
1. Describe three differences between the theories of transcendentalism and anti-transcendentalism. |
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Definition
| 1. Transcendentalists and Anti-transcendentalists both differed in the ways they thought and viewed the world. Transcendentalists believed in a higher kind of knowledge that could be achieved by human reasoning. Also, they accepted the thought that God gave human kind gifts. Such gifts included intuition, insight and inspiration which would help guide them to find the truth in nature and self-reliance. Lastly, they accepted the idea that man, nature and the universe was intertwined with each other in one big soul called an over soul. This lead to them being optimistic and thinking everything was good. On the other hand, Anti-transcendentalists work focused on the limitations and destructiveness of human nature. They also believed that optimistic thought was naïve and impractical. Last of all, they felt that humans were corrupted and had to struggle for goodness. |
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Term
Dec 12.
2. Emerson’s essay Nature, published in 1836, was the Transcendentalists’ unofficial statement of belief. What did the work reveal about their attitude toward nature, their perceptions of human nature, and their belief in the Over-Soul? |
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Definition
2. Emerson’s essay Nature, published in 1836, was the Transcendentalists’ unofficial statement of belief. His work revealed that transcendentalists believed that nature is beautiful and possesses an over soul. On page 498, he states, “Nature never wear a mean appearance” which mean that nature is beautiful at all times and never places an ugly face upon her features. Another quote that portrays beauty in nature without owning it is on page 498, where he says “Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape.” Although Emerson saw nature as a thing of beauty, he acknowledged vulgar things in the world which, with his reasoning, was created by man. Thus, these ill-mannered things lead to the harm of nature which leads him to believe that as a man ages, he should be separated from the world and should be in solitude to purify him from the destructive notions of man to nature. On page 497, he says:
To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society… The rays that come from those heavenly worlds will separate between him and vulgar things. |
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Term
| How does the speakers's interest in the poem " To a Waterfowl" contrast with the fowler's concern with the bird? What does the speaker learn from his observations of the bird? |
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Definition
| In this poem there is a notion of nourishment. The fowler is seeking physical nourishment. The speaker is seeking spiritual nourishment. From his observations he learns that the wind like God guides the waterfowl, which represents mankind, to the south, that represents another land. He realizes the bird is led by instinct not by reason, and in out spiritual lives we should do the same. |
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Term
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Definition
| In "Thanatoposis" nature is a force, and is an idea. It looms over our minds, and like death we are obsessed with it. It is something we should embrace, but in "To a waterfowl" he notices the power of nature that provides the means for correct living. |
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Term
Dec. 12
4. Young Goodman Brown by Hawthorne: What self-awareness and view of society has Brown come to at the end of his journey? Why? |
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Definition
| 4. Young Goodman Brown was a story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne which was an Anti-transcendentalist. In the end of this story, Brown’s self-awareness and his view on society are altered because he now believes that good will not always prosper. He lost faith in people like his wife, Faith, because the people, like her, were evil and or was transformed into devil worshipers. On page 619 it states, “‘My faith is gone!’ cried he, after one stupefied moment. ‘There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given.’” Thus stated, when his wife Faith was acknowledged by him to be a devil worshiper, he lost all faith in mankind. |
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Term
Dec. 12
5.Moby Dick by Melville: Why could Ahab be seen as a transcendentalist who has fallen because he was guided by his instinct and intuition rather than reason? And, what does the whale mean for Ahab? |
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Definition
| 5. Ahab could be seen as a transcendentalist who has fallen for being guided by his instinct and intuition instead of using reason because transcendentalists’ philosophy is heavily based on human reasoning, leading them to a higher kind of knowledge. This higher knowledge would thus lead them to a greater reality than the ones found in a sense experience. Thus, Ahab violated the code of transcendentalism when his intuition and instinct overpowered his reasoning which caused his judgment to be clouded. His need for revenge on the whale changed his whole outlook on life and caused him to act delusional. Thus, for Ahab, the whale represents truth and peace. For if he can capture the whale and kill it, he will be able to see clearly again and would be at peace at last. |
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Term
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Definition
| Represents all that is paradoxical , unexplainable and uncontrollable in nature. |
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Term
| Emerson says that our attitude toward the stars would change if they appeared only once every thousand years. What point is Emerson making about nature with this? |
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Definition
| Nature should be revered. No one see's nature in it's beauty because it is all around us, at all times |
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Term
| What do you think Emerson means in the third paragraph by a “poetical sense” of looking at nature? |
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Definition
| We think of nature when we try to express ourselves in a poetical sense. We think of nature as charming and majestic |
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Term
| Emerson’s image of a “transparent eyeball” in the fourth paragraph is one of the most famous passages in all of his works. In your won words, tell how you interpret Emerson’s image. What effect does this unusual image have on you? |
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Definition
| He is a glass eye. He cannot see. He is insignificant in nature. It makes me think I can nothing |
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Term
| “Nature always wears the colors of the spirit,” Emerson says in the sixth paragraph. What does Emerson mean by this statement? How does the statement demonstrate Emerson’s Romantic beliefs? |
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Definition
| Nature is in your opinion. Nature reflects your emotions. It shows emphasis on the individual |
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Term
| 5. “To speak truly,” Emerson days, “few adult persons can see nature.” Emerson sees children as having the advantage over adults when it comes to experiencing nature directly. Do you agree with Emerson? What do people seem to lose, as they grow older? |
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Definition
| Yes, people seem to pay less attention to nature as they grow up. They lose the love of something that has always been around them. |
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Term
| 6. Emerson’s expectations of nature were immense, and they formed the basis of his philosophy. How would his views of nature be received today? |
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Definition
| Today, people are pessimistic. People are concerned more with technology, and what the world can do for them instead of what they can do for the world. Most people aren't concerned in nature |
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