Term
| French and Raven - Power Bases |
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Definition
1. Legitimate - a person has the 'right' to make demands and to expect compliance from others
2. Reward - the ability to reward another for compliance
3. Expert - having superior knowledge or skill in something
4. Referent - a person is valued or respected based upon their attractiveness, cleverness, etc.
5. Coercive - the ability to punish another for non-compliance |
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Term
| Tannen - Power in the Workplace |
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Definition
| The idea that non-professionals will be unfamiliar and inexperienced in the environment and expectations of a workplace, as for them it is a 'once-in-a-blue-moon' occurence. Compared to the worker, who will be comfortable and familiar in their surroundings as a result of it being an every day occurence for them being there. |
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Term
| Fairclough - Synthetic Personalisation |
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Definition
| Very common in advertisements and speeches... when the speaker acts as though they know everyone personally, even though they do not. |
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Term
| Fairclough - Dialogic Texts |
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Definition
| Often done in advertisements... things are part of a continuem... a story that is started in one instance, then continued on in another (like the compare the market/meerkat adverts)... but is also relevant in every day life... like not introducing yourself to your neighbour because you already know each other. |
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Term
| Fairclough - Members' Resources |
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Definition
| A situation may be interpreted in many ways, but it is reported in a number of these ways... generally the person with the most power is most likely to be trusted and believed. |
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Term
| Fairclough - Power in and behind the Discourse |
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Definition
There are 2 ways in which a text affects the reader:
1. whilst reading (power in the discourse) - what is literally said in the text
2. after reding (power behind the discourse) - what is meant by the text |
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Term
| Brown and Levinson - Positive and Negative Politeness |
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Definition
Positive politeness is obvious and outright politeness like compliments and praise - it is generally used amongst friends and family or adults and children
Negative politeness is formal politeness like using formal titles rather than first names - it is generally used in formal situations |
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Term
| Sapir-Whorf - Linguistic Relativity and Determinism |
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Definition
Linguistic Determinism: our thinking is limited by the words that we know
Linguistic Relativity: people from other cultures will speak and therefore think differently to other cultures because they have different words |
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Term
| Lacan - Mirror Stage and Apperception |
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Definition
| We see ourselves as objects that need to slot into society, so we need to look and behave in a certain way - we are made to want to do anything to fit into this society e.g by buying the perfect perfume... advertisers often try to work off of this by insinuating that everyone is doing something, so you should do so too. |
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Term
| Vygotsky - Language as a Tool of the Workplace |
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Definition
| Sophisticted language or authoratative language ensures that one person (the worker) is seen as in charge and in control by the other (the customer), |
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Term
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Definition
Manner: we should always be polite
Quality: we should only say what we know to be true
Quantity: we should not talk too much or too little
Relevance: we should only mention things relevant to the topic |
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Term
| Giles - Accommodation Theory |
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Definition
Convergence: speaking similarly to others
Divergence: speaking differently to others
Upwards: speaking in a higher prestige
Downwards: speaking in a lower prestige |
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