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| Two words merging together or first letter of one word with rest of other. E.g. Motel, Brunch |
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| Describes social, political and technological forces which affect the way language is changed |
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| Relates to more technical language change such as lexical change, punctuation and grammar |
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| When words drop out of use |
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| Process of taking words from other languages. E.g. Tsunami (Japan), Naan (Indian), Voodoo (African) |
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| Spelling of a word based on how it is heard |
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| The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history |
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| An additional element placed at the beginning or end of a word to change its meaning |
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Changes the class of a word and expands its range of meaning. E.g. Profession - professional
Reinforce - Reinforcer
mathematics - mathematician |
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Tied to meaning and added to nouns to give a sense of extensiveness. E.g.
Hyperactive, Microwave, Geography |
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| Involves losing an element of a word or shortening to create a new word that sounds right. E.g. Edit - Editor |
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| Shortening words to communicate faster e.g. Plane (airplane), Veg (vegetable) |
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| When two words are added together, originally used with a hyphen but as it is standardised, it disappears e.g. Passport, Firework, Bathroom |
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| Extreme forms of abbreviations where words are made out of initial letters of a phrase e.g. ASH, HOUND, RSPCA |
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| Initialisms that sounds like a real word e.g. Scuba, radar, laser |
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| The name of a person after which something is named. E.g. Sandwich, Braille, Hoover, Richter, Newton, Watt |
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| When the name of one company is used for all products that are similar. E.g. Hoover, George Foreman, iPhone, Walkman |
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