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ENGLISH II GRAMMAR
these are for English II exam review
22
English
10th Grade
12/10/2010

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Term
DIRECT OBJECT
Definition
A NOUN OR PRONOUN THAT DIRECTLY RECEIVES THE ACTION OF THE VERB FROM THE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE

ANSWERS THE QUESTIONS "WHO?" OR "WHAT?" AFTER THE TRANSITIVE ACTION VERB.
Term
PRONOUN
Definition
A WORD THAT TAKES THE PLACE OF A NOUN, A GROUP OF WORDS ACTIING AS A NOUN, OR ANOTHER PRONOUN
Term
ANTECEDENT
Definition
THE WORD OR GROUP OF WORDS TO WHICH THE PRONOUN REFERS
Term
SENTENCE
Definition
A GROUP OF WORDS THAT EXPRESS A COMPLETE THOUGHT, BEGIN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER, AND END WITH A MARK OF PUNCTUATION.
Term
SIMPLE SUBJECT
Definition
THE KEY NOUN OR PRONOUN (OR GROUP OF WORDS FUNCTIONING AS A NOUN) THAT TELLS WHAT THE SENTENCE IS ABOUT.
Term
SIMPLE PREDICATE
Definition
THE VERB OR VERB PHRASE THAT TELLS WHAT THE SUBJECT DOES OR IS
Term
COMPOUND SUBJECT
Definition
MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE SIMPLE SUBJECTS THAT ARE JOINED BY A CONJUNCTION AND SHARE THE SAME VERB
Term
COMPOUND PREDICATE
Definition
MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE VERBS OR VERB PHRASES THAT ARE JOINED BY A CONJUNCTION AND HAVE THE SAME SUBJECT
Term
INDIRECT OBJECT
Definition
ANSWERS THE QUESTION "TO WHOM?" OR "FOR WHOM?" "TO WHAT?" OR "FOR WHAT?" AFTER A TRANSITIVE ACTION VERB
Term
OBJECT COMPLEMENT
Definition
ANSWERS THE QUESTION "WHAT?" AFTER A DIRECT OBJECT AND IT COMPLETES THE MEANING OF THE DIRECT OBJECT BY IDENTIFYING OR DESCRIBING IT
Term
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
Definition
A NOUN OR PRONOUN THAT FOLLOWS A LINKING VERB AND POINTS BACK TO THE SIMPLE SUBJECT OF THE SENTENCE, IDENTIFYING IT FURTHER
Term
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
Definition
FOLLOWS A LINKING VERB AND POINTS BACK TO THE SIMPLE SUBJECT, DESCRIBING IT FURTHER
Term
PHRASE
Definition
A GROUP OF WORDS THAT ACTS AS A SINGLE GRAMMATICAL UNIT (PART OF SPEECH) IN A SENTENCE
Term
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Definition
CONTAINS A SUBJECT, A PREDICATE, AND CAN STAND ALONE AS A SENTENCE / ALSO KNOWN AS SIMPLE SENTENCE OR MAIN CLAUSE
Term
SUBORDINATE CLAUSE
Definition
ALSO KNOWN AS A DEPENDENT CLAUSE/ HAS A SUBJECT AND PREDICATE BUT CANNOT STAND ALONE AS A SENTENCE / BEGINS WITH A SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
Term
SENTENCE FRAGMENT
Definition
AN ERROR THAT OCCURS WHEN AN INCOMPLETE SENTENCE IS PUNCTUATED AS THOUGH IT WERE A COMPLETE SENTENCE
Term
RUN-ON SENTENCE
Definition
TWO OR MORE COMPLETE SENTENCES WRITTEN AS THOUGH THEY WERE ONE SENTENCE
Term
COMMA SPLICE
Definition
A TYPE OF RUN-ON SENTENCE CONTAINING TWO OR MORE MAIN CLAUSES SEPARATED ONLY BY A COMMA INSTEAD OF A SEMICOLON OR A COMMA AND COORDINATING CONJUNCTION
Term
MISPLACED MODIFIER
Definition
MODIFIERS THAT MODIFY THE WRONG WORD OR SEEM TO MODIFY MORE THAN ONE WORD IN A SENTENCE
Term
DANGLING MODIFIER
Definition
A MODIFIER THAT DOES NOT MODIFY ANY WORD IN A SENTENCE
Term
NONESENTIAL ELEMENT
Definition
A CLAUSE THAT ADDS INFORMATION BUT IS NOT ABSOLUTELY NEEDED TO EXPRESS THE MEANING OF THE SENTENCE CLEARLY
Term
ESSENTIAL ELEMENT
Definition
A SUBORDINATE CLAUSE THAT CANNOT BE OMITTED FROM A SENTENCE WITHOUT CHANGING THE SENTENCE'S MEANING
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