• James I's privy council was large - 48 compared to Elizabeth's 18
• James appointed young and attractive men to his council even if they were unexperienced

• traditionally the King's man
• when the speaker stands all talking must stop so sometimes the speaker was prevented form standing up by force

• metting of all committees aka pretty much all of the House of Commons
• committees were smaller groups of members of the commons & the king and the speaker have no right to attend

• where a new English translation of the bible was commissed by James I
• became the only authorized version in England

• Nov. 5th 1605: Guy Fawkes and others
• plan was to place kegs of dynamite in basement of House of Lords
• plot was uncovered 
• saved from popish conspiracy

• advisor to Elizabeth and financial advisor to James I - made Earl of Salisbury
• knew the King was alienating the commons and came up with The Great Contract of 1610 which failed 
• this destroyed his reputation with the King

• Bate refused to pay tax on currants b/c it was not authorized by Parliament
• cout ruled in King's favor saying currants are imports so it falls under foreign policy - King's authority
• James I won but loss public opinion

The Great Contract of

1610

• Cecil's plan which failed 
• the crown will reliqunish all it's $ from feudal sources & lessen his right to tamper w/ customs & all money bills would generate from the commons
• Parliament would give the king 200,000 pounds from land taxes

• HRE asks James for help in Bohemia but the people proclaim "no popery"
• Parliament promises James they will give him all the money he needs to win war if he fights for protestants
• 1624: James I declares war against HRE

George Villiers

Duke of Buckingham

• close advisor and friend of Charles I
• responsible for disastrous Cadiz expedition - he was Quatermaster

Expedition to Cadiz

1625

• Duke of Buckingham was the quatermaster
• he watered down beer, saw dust in the bread, cheap sails to save $
• this led to awful conditions on board and meyham when the arrived resulting in no alliance w/ Spain

• was sent to help the Hugenots in France
• was a disaster like Cadiz
• Buckingham is blamed again

Petition of Right

1628

• restricted non parliamentary taxation
• stop forced billeting of soldiers
• no imprisonment without cause
• restricts the use of martial law
• resulted after Charles imprisoned people who refused to pay forced loans for 30 Years Wars

• Anglican Priest who wanted to beautify the church
• improves education among priests by 60%
• was on the privy council & became Archbishop of Canterbury
• Court of the Star Chamber - angered the wealthy; he forced the 10% of income to church

• a special tax on counties on the coast used to build ships
• Charles extends the tax to inland counties b/c the navy protects all of England not just coast
• John Hampdem refuses to pay

• introduced in 1637 at St. Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh
• heavily protested by the Scottish people

• signed by Scots saying they would not use the Scottish Prayer Book
• would lead to Scottish Parliament voting to rid Scotland of Bishops and then war with England

Thomas Wentworth

Viscount Strafford

• suggests to the King he call Irish and Scottish Parliament for $ for war w/ Scotland
• Back fires when Scotland votes to get rid of Bishops
• War of the Bishops

• called by Charles to raise $ for Bishops War
• sat for only 3 weeks before he dissolved it

• called on Nov. 3rd 1640 and lasted until March 1660 (20 years)
• issued bill of attainder & excutes Thomas Wentworth (Strafford)
• abolish star chamber

• member of Parliament who said that before the king is granted any $ he needed to fix all the problems Parliament had w/ him
• introduces a bill to impeach the Queen b/c she is a papist & the King goes into Parliament to arrest him & 4 others

• Cromwell's Army
• composed of mostly civilians

• those who remained loyal to the King

• the elite among the royalists

• those that supported Parliament against the King

• other name for the Parliamentarians

• leader of the Parliamentarians 
• dismissed the House of Commons and then started the "Praise God, Barebones" Parliament

"Praise God, Barebones"

Parliament

• came after the Long Parliament 
• named after a member named Barebones and his constant outbursts

• Judge pick for the trial of King Charles for treason
• was picked because of his ignorance of the law

• abolished the House of Lords & declares England a Republic
• made up of those that agreed w/ Cromwell

Battle of Marston Moor

July 1644

Battle of Dunbar

1650

• Sept. 3rd 1650
• The Scots proclaim Charles II King and Cromwell attacks
• Victory for Cromwell & he takes Edinburgh
• Spain officially recognizes Cromwell 

Battle of Worcester

1651

• Another victory for Cromwell
• After this loss, Charles II hides in a tree to escape and goes into exile on the continent for 9 years (France & low countries)

Navigation Act

1651

• any ship bringing goods to England or Colonies had to come on thier own ships (not on Dutch)
• The Dutch had become genius at shipping & could do it cheaper which in turn made the product cheaper

• Head of the English navy during war w/ the Dutch
• he blockades the Netherlands & soon they sue for peace in 1653
• they agree to recognize the supemancy of the English navy

• written contitution by Cromwell
• England becomes a protectorate
• Cromwell becomes Lord Protector

• Cromwell chooses him for Secratary of State

Pride's Purge 

1648

• Colonel Pride is responsible for purging Parliament of those who did not vote in favor of Cromwell

• Cromwell put a tax on silk
• Cony refuses to pay tax on basis that Parliament had no approved it
• Cromwell had him arrested before it could go to court
• this made Cromwell even more unpopular

• arrived in London in 1660 and went to the Rump Parliament & demanded they open their doors & let those originally in the Long Parliament back in
• shortly afterwards Parliament would be dissolved

• agreement to bring back the monarchy
• soldiers would be given their back pay & dismissed, no pursecution to those who killed the king unless authorized by Parliament, liberty of religion
• Charles II was living in Breda (Netherlands) & agreed