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a figure of speech involving a deliberate exaggeration (i.e. Look out! That puddle’s the size of Lake Erie.)
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| (Latin for it does not follow) a statement that does not follow logically from what has preceded it (i.e. Alphie is good-looking; therefore, he will be happy.) |
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| the cohesive quality of ideas |
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| a type of fallacy that attempts to prove a claim by using an alternative wording of the claim itself (i.e. We should vote for the school levy because it is the best thing to do…also called circular reasoning) |
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| the flow and connection of ideas within the text of an argument |
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| agreed-on bits of knowledge that do not require further support in an argument |
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| flaws in the structure of an argument that make the claims invalid |
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type of logical fallacy that confuses a sequential relationship with a causal one (Event A caused Event B because Event A occurred first: The sun rose because the rooster crowed.)
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a type of logical fallacy that tries to shift attention away from the original focus fo the argument (i.e. I’m not saying that all politicians are bad, but many of them seem to distort the truth or Granted, some country music is good, but a lot of it just rubs me the wrong way.)
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a type of logical fallacy that assumes that a certain way of thinking or acting will necessarily continue or extend in that direction (i.e. If the Supreme Court allows the police to set up informational roadblocks, it will soon grant law enforcement full license to inspect anyone at any time.)
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reasons that connect claims with their support
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| a line of deductive reasoning that requires threes steps (i.e. All humans are mortal. Socrates is human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.) |
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| statements that contain unstated premises or assumptions (i.e. Because the dog is scratching at the back door, someone should let her out) |
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