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| where laws limited the power of the ruler |
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England (Great Charter)
Signed by King John in 1215
First document to the limit the kings power.
guarenteed basic political rights and created Parliament |
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England - Charles I - 1628
Charles needed money so Parliament made him sign Petition of Right.
1. Could not imprison subjects without a reason.
2. could not raise taxes without Parliaments consent. |
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England - 1642-1649
Royalists (those who supported Charles I) vs. Puritans/Roundheads (those who supported Parliament
Roundheads win and Oliver Cromwell takes over.
Charles I gets beheaded. |
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England
Leader of the Puritans that won the English Civil War.
Runs the country under Puritan rules and is eventually kicked out of power. |
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| Habeas Corpus and the Restoration |
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England - Charles II - 1679
- Parliament Restores (restoration) the thrown to the Monarchy (Charles II)but forces Charles II to sign Habeau Corpus in return.
- prisoners had a right to know what the charge was against them and this meant a monarch could not just put someone in jail for opposing him. |
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England - James II - 1688
- James was Charles II's son.
- James was Catholic and had a Catholic son.
- Parliament did not want a series of Catholic leaders running the country so they asked James' sister Mary (who was Protestant) to come back from the Netherlands with her husband and take the thrown from James.
- James was forced to flee by Parliament |
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England - William and Mary - 1689
- William and Mary were asked by Parliament to take the thrown from Mary's brother James (Glorious Revolution).
- In return for the thrown they were forced to sign the English Bill of Rights.
- ensured basic rights for English citizens.
- considered to be the beginning of the constitutinal monarchy. |
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Term
| Causes of French Revolution |
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Definition
- Estates system not fair
- Louis XVI not enlightened despot
- taxes too high for poor
- Louis XVI was in debt so he kept raising taxes. |
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Term
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feudal class system
1st estate-clergy
2nd estate-nobles
3rd estate - everyone else |
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- Part of the third estate
- wealthy, educated
- usually bankers, merchants, skilled tradesmen
- had money but no political power because they were in the third estate
- this group led the Revolution |
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| Why was Louis XVI in debt? (France) |
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Definition
1. he funded the American Revolution because he hated England
2. He was paying of the Palace of Versailles that his Grandfather had built.
3. he lived a lavish lifestyle |
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Term
| What was the Estates General how did it lead to the revolution. |
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Definition
- Representatives from each estate gathered to decide how they would split up taxes.
- each estate only got one vote even though the 3rd estate had more representatives.
- the 1st and 2nd estate always forced the 3rd estate to pay the taxes.
- 3rd estate representatives had enough with the unfair system so they created the national assembly |
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Term
| National Assembly (France) |
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Definition
| - the 3rd estate was unhappy with the unfairness of the estates general rules (each estate gets only one vote) so they refused to meet as part of the estates general and created the national assembly to represent them. |
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- When Louis XVI heard that the 3rd estate had created the National Assembly he looked them out of the Estates General meeting hall.
- The National Assembly met in an abandoned tennis hall and promised not to leave until they drafted a document to bring to the king asking for more rights. |
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- Upon hearing of the national assembly Louis XVI hired the soldiers to for extra protection.
- when people heard of the Swiss Guard coming they took to the streets to protect the National Asssembly |
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- Considered to be the beginning of the French Revolution
- The people stormed Bastille which was both an armory and also a place where Louis XVI had kept people who had spoken out against his government. |
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| Declaration of Rights of Man |
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Definition
The National Assembly created the Declaration of Rights of Man which was similar to the Declaration of Independence.
- Guarenteed equal justice, security and freedom |
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- 1st and 2nd estates who had fled France to Austria and Prussia once the revolution began.
- With the help of Austria and Prussia they began assembling and army to retake control of France. |
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- Radical group that took over Paris led by Robespierre
- Led the Reign of Terror
- Chopped of Louis XVI head and any others they felt were not for the revolution. |
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- leader of the Jacobins and Reign of Terror
- controlled France as a dictator until his head was chopped off. |
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| - period of extreme violence in France where the Jacobins under Robespierre hunted down and beheaded (guillotine)anyone (especially 1st and 2nd estates) who they felt were not supporting the revolution. |
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Attempt by France to create a democracy by having multiple people share power by acting as directors (presidents) together.
- It was a complete failure and paved the way for Napoleon to take over. |
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- General who became famous by protecting France against the coalition.
- Came to Paris and led a coup d'etat against the other directors.
- Eventually would lead France as a dictator/emperor
- he brought the revolution full circle. |
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| take over of power by a new person or group |
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- group of nations that teamed up against France to squash the revolution.
- the other Monarchs of Europe feared the revolution would spread to their nations.
- Mostly made up at different points of England, Austria, Prussia and Russia. |
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