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| The Four Language systems |
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| Phonological, Syntactic, Semantic, Pragmatic |
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| Listening, Talking, Reading, Writing, Viewing, Visually Representation |
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| writing in reading logs, participating in grand conversation |
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| Pre-writing, Drafting, Revising, Editing, Publishing |
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| Grammar in Elementary grades |
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| Parts of speech, parts of sentences, types of sentences, capitalization & punctuation, usage |
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| Bryce played basketball in the backyard |
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| Noun , pronoun, verb, adverb, adjective, conjunction, interjection, preposition, |
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i. Approx. 44 sounds all in English language
1. Phoneme
a. Smallest unit of a word
2. Grapheme
a. Written representation
ii. Phonological awareness is important for pronouncing words, detecting regional and other dialects, decoding words when reading, and using invented spelling
iii. It relates to reading and writing because students have the ability to separate sounds
iv. Difficult for students because there are 26 letter but 44 sounds |
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i. The structure or grammar of words and How words are combined in sentences
ii. Components
1. Word form
a. Morphemes – smallest meaningful units in language
2. Capitalization
3. Punctuation
4. Ending – ing
5. Pre-fixes – un
6. Suffixes |
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i. Meaning system
ii. Vocabulary is key
iii. Synonyms, antonyms, homonyms
iv. Meaning of words
1. Some words – multiple meanings
2. Dictionary and thesaurus |
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i. Based on social and cultural aspects
ii. Dialects change due to surroundings, age, regions, etc.
iii. Language is very environmental
iv. Standard English: formal; seen in textbooks, newspapers, etc.
v. Non standard: anything else; alternate in phonology, syntax and semantic from standard English
vi. Non standard is not inferior to standard English |
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i. Students create a variety of projects for visually representing
ii. Examples
1. Charts/ diagrams
2. Maps
3. Book boxes
4. Drawings
5. Posters |
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i. Visual media
1. Videos, photographs, internet
2. Examples:
a. Educational videos
b. Educational websites
c. Researching on the Internet
d. View photographs/pictures |
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i. Also a strategic process
1. Prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing
2. Examples
a. Journaling
b. Response to text
c. Making predictions
d. essays |
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i. Process that involves students using skills and strategies to decode and comprehend
ii. Comprehension is the goal
1. Examples:
a. Independent reading
b. Shared reading
c. Partner reading
d. Guided reading
e. Different types of text |
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i. Also often neglected in the classroom
ii. Essential in the learning process
1. Examples
a. Literature circles
b. Reader’s theater
c. Class discussions
d. Student presentations |
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i. Begins at birth
ii. Often neglected in the classroom because teachers assume students already learned how to listen
iii. Students learn to listen differently based upon their purpose
1. Examples
a. Read alouds
b. Books on tape/cd
c. Student presentations
d. Class discussions |
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| Distinguished Sounds = Phonemic awareness |
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| Listening for enjoyment = reading a story aloud, watching a DVD |
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| Listening to Learn = given in the classroom often, understand a message, listening to remember, |
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| Listening to evaluate a message = extension of efferent learning , listening critically |
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