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| The smallest speech unit that can distinguish one word or group of words from another. Ex. /f/ and /v/ because they distinguish fat/vat. |
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| Predictable variant of a phoneme created by the phonological environment. This causes better to be pronounced bedder. |
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| The combinations of stems and affixes to form words. ((un(like))ly) |
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| The smallest meaningful unit of a language. Unlikely has three morphemes un like and ly. |
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| Predictable variant of a morpheme or addition that doesn't change the meaning. such as 's or ed changing bark to barks and/or barked. |
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| Vowel: A human speech sound produced without obstruction at a particular point in the vocal tract. All vowels are voiced. AEIOU |
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| A glide from one vowel position to another position in a single syllable. Toy is an example making the oi sound. |
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| A human speech sound produced by a partial or total obstruction of air at a particular point in the vocal tract. The letter p is a consonant because its caused by a stop in the air at the lips. |
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| The study of meaning in languages. Date can mean a specific day or to romantically court someone, semantics determines the meaning. |
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| The total inventory of morphemes in a language. For example my is a word in the English lexicon but Mein is not because it is a German word. |
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| Combining two words to make one word. Example: Fly-Catcher |
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| A morpheme that can stand alone as a word. For example, Cat. |
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| A morpheme that must be attached to another morpheme to make a word. For example de must attach to a word to have meaning, Detest. |
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| Phonemes sharing a point of articulation. P and B are Homorganic sounds because they are caused by the bilabial stop. |
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| The study of the origin , history, or derivation of words. ex. The etymology of Cunning includes knowing it is derived from and old Norse word meaning to know. |
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| The way in which words are arranged to form phrases, clauses, and sentances; the word order or structure of a sentence. For example, the syntax of the simplest English sentence is subject/verb. I am. |
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| The parent of all languages spoken in the European area and a few other places. Gave birth to all germanic languages. |
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| The features of the ancestor language shared by all decendents of proto indo european such as germanic and celtic |
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| The features of the ancestor language shared by all the branches of germanic. |
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| The now extinct branch of germanic branch of indo european that included gothic. |
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| The subdivision of the Germanic branch of IE languages consisting of Danish, swedish, norwegian. |
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| The branch of the germanic group of IE that english belongs, including german and dutch. |
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| A word adopted from another language or dialect. English uses fiance from french. |
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| Words belonging to classes which new members are easily added. Nouns most languages are open class words because they are constantly being made and added. |
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| words belonging to categories in which new members are not easily added. Articles in english are a closed set, consisting of 3 words. |
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