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| process of presenting an image of something in order to communicate ideas or tell a story. |
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| White Patriarchal Capitalism |
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Definition
| dominant ideology of the western world; suggests that heterosexual Caucasian males and gaining wealth are the most important things in the world. |
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| oversimplified images of a person or group. |
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| literally, "pre-war", usually refers to the era before the civil war. |
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| popular nineteenth-century theatrical format in which white entertainers donned blackface makeup and performed as stereotypical African Americans. |
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| popular theatrical tradition of the 1800s that featured white performers darkening their faces with makeup in order to perform comedic stereotypes of African Americans. |
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| overall form and structure of most hollywood films in the 1930s and 1940s. |
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| stereotype of an african american male as a lazy, shuffling and ignorant fool. |
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| stereotype of an African American male as a devoted servant to his white master. |
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| stereotype of an African American woman as an overweight caretaker of white people. |
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| stereotype of an African American women of mixed race heritage who usually finds only death or disgrace. |
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| stereotype of a hypersexual and hypermasculine African American man. |
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| outmoded term used to describe sexual or romantic relations between people of different races. |
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| racist laws that until the mid-twentieth century segregated white people from black people in housing, jobs, and public accommodations. |
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| powerful twentieth century civil rights group devoted to African American issues. |
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| independently made films that featured all black casts and were exhibited exclusively in black neighborhood theaters. |
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| flowering of African American art, literature, theater, and culture centered in Northern American cities, 1920s to 1930s. |
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| the most prolific African American director of race movies. |
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| process wherein light-skinned people of color deny their racial or ethnic backgrounds in order to be accepted white. Gay and Lesbian people also may pass for straight. |
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| African American filmmaker who wrote and directed race movies and later starred on television in Amos n Andy. |
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| type of fictional film produced within an industrial context. Common Hollywood genres include the war film, the musical, gangster film, etc. |
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| systematic body of concepts that express values and beliefs, especially about human lives and cultures. Ideology is conveyed through speech, sound, image, and all cultural texts. |
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| self-censoring set of rules and regulations that Hollywood adopted in 1930 and imposed upon itself from 1934 until it was replaced by the Ratings System in the late 1960s. |
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| broad social and political movement of the 1950s and 1960s that promoted equal rights for people of color, women, and other minorities. |
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| Hollywood film genre that explores topical issues such as racism or homophobia(but usually form a white patriarchal capitalistic perspective.) |
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| paranoia about communism common in 1950s America. |
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| Brown v. Board of Education |
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| landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared separate but equal Jim Crow Laws unconstitutional. |
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| the first African American leading male star in Hollywood films, roughly 1950s and 1960s. |
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| cheaply made films of the 1970s that featured strong, aggressive African American leads, sometimes battling racist white characters and institutions. |
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| cheaply made and sensational films that promise to show moviegoers more sex and violence than can be found in usual Hollywood fare. |
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| Black-and-White Buddy Film |
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| a Hollywood comedy or action-adventure film formula that pairs an African American star with a white star in order to attract both white and black audiences. (ex. Lethal Weapon.) |
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| frequently violent genre film of the 1990s that centered on African American characters. |
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| genre that focuses on alleged “women’s issues” such as romance, courtship, and parenthood. |
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| structure or shape of the cinematic medium; encompasses aspects of literary design, visual design, cinematography, editing, and sound. |
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| what a work of art or cultural artifact is about. That content is then expressed through form and style. |
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| how the content of a work is expressed, the shape that it takes. |
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| 5 formal elements- Literary Design |
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| encompasses all aspects of a production that have been scripted including character, setting, dialogue, theme, and title. |
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| 5 formal elements- Visual Design |
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Definition
| encompassing aspects of sets and props, costume, makeup, lighting, blocking and color. |
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| 5 formal elements- Cinematography |
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Definition
| encompassing all aspects of film stock, lens choice, camera speed, framing, and camera movement. |
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| 5 formal elements- Editing |
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| the cutting and pasting together of individual shots in order to create a feeling or idea or tell a story. |
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| 5 formal elements- Sound Design |
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Definition
| encompassing all auditory stimuli that accompany the visual part of film. |
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| pervasive and often unremarked-upon set of assumptions and beliefs that structure any given group or culture. The dominant ideology of Western culture is white patriarchal heterosexual capitalism. |
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| fluctuating state of dominant ideology; also, the ongoing struggle to gain the consent of the people to a system that would govern them. |
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| Ideological State Apparatus |
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| (ISAs) social institutions(such as the family, the government, religion, school, and media.) that support an ideology through education and example rather than through overt coercion. |
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| Repressive State Apparatus |
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Definition
| (RSAs) social forces such as armies, wars, police forces, and terrorism that exert social control through violence and/or the threat of violence. |
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| Institutionalized Discrimination |
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Definition
| when bias is embedded in social structures such as schools, government, business , or the media. |
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| broad area of research and theory that attempts to explain how cultures work in relation to history, economics, diversity, etc. |
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| any text produced and then decoded by a reader(spectator). Movies, books, songs, ads, speeches, fashion, and food are all cultural artifacts. |
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| mediated systems we use to communicate with one another, such as language, art, literature, movies, TV, and the Internet. |
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| process by which the producers of a cultural artifact place both conscious meanings into a text. |
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| process by which the producers of a cultural artifact place both conscious and unconcious meanings into a text. |
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| process by which a reader or spectator makes sense of a text; dependent upon the reader’s own social and historical positioning as well as on how the text has been encoded by its producers. |
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| decoding a text as it was intended(by its producers) to be decoded. |
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| decoding a text in ways not intended by those who encoded it. |
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| decoding a text partly according to the ways that it was intended and partly in ways that is was not. |
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| Native American/ Asian/Yellow race |
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| ideology program of nineteenth and twentieth century America used to justify US expansion into foreign lands and territories. |
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| Chicano name for the southwestern United States that used to that used to be part of Mexico. |
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| Person or cultural group against which one defines one’s own self or culture. |
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| Oversimplifies images of a person or a group. |
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| Practice of gaining control over other nations and territories through repressive, violent means. |
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| People whose ancestry can be traced back to Spain, Portugal, and/or Latin America. |
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| Gendered terms used to refer to people or cultures that originate from Latin America. Latino is masculine and Latina is feminine. |
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| Social role assigned to male or female in any given historical culture. |
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| Category of human beings based upon external features such as skin color and hair texture. |
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| Social grouping based upon geographical and/or political boundaries. |
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| Social grouping based upon shared culture and custom. |
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| One who believes that human beings can be designated as superior or inferior on the basis of their racial characteristics. |
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| Derogatory stereotype of Latinos, and especially Mexican Americans, as slovenly, violent bandits. |
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| Handsome and exotic, sexually alluring leading man of Italian or Hispanic heritage; a prominent character type in Hollywood. |
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| Irrational fear and/or hatred of foreigners. |
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| Federal propaganda programs, enacted during World War II, designed to promote good will between North, Central, and South America. |
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| Series of attacks on Mexican Americans in and around Los Angeles during 1943, perpetrated by white servicemen on leave. |
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| List of suspected communists who were not to be employed by Hollywood studios during the Red Scare. |
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| Destruction of an entire race, ethnicity, or other cultural group. |
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| Gendered terms used to refer to Mexican Americans. |
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| Media watchdog group formed by actor Ricardo Montalban in the 1970s to promote better images of Latinos. |
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| Loose coalition of 1960s groups who all opposed the dominant culture; hippies, civil rights workers, women, people of color, young people, etc. |
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| Nostalgic Hollywood blockbuster |
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Definition
| Big budget Hollywood film that refashions storylines and genre formulas from previous eras for contemporary audience. |
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| a Latina actress that played a major role during the Latin Invasion and the golden age of Hollywood. Her first musical was Ramona. |
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| Social grouping based upon shared culture and custom. |
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| Common abbreviation for “White Anglo Saxon Protestant,” historically the dominant population group in the United States |
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| Only making a minimal effort to be truly multicultural; in film, the creation of a minority role to deflate a potential charge of racism, sexism, homophobia, etc. |
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| Single character (or person) used to deflate charges of bias within a film or institution; for example, the hiring of one black actor in an otherwise all-white film or institution. |
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| An idea or identity defined and determined by history and culture; its meaning may fluctuate in relation to the time and place of its use. |
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| Process by which one culture defines itself against another, often by ascribing undesirable traits (shared by all humans) to a specific cultural group. |
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| Psychological defense mechanism in which a person or group projects their own negative traits onto another person or group. |
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| Mob torture and murder of an individual, often by hanging; historically used by white people to terrorize non-white communities. |
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| Metaphor that expresses how various immigrant cultures and traditions are supposed to be forged together into an overall sense of American identity. |
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| Blending into the ideals and assumptions of white patriarchal capitalist culture. |
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| Nineteenth-century ideology that stressed that “America should be for Americans” and not for foreigners. |
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| Derogatory term for and stereotype of a loud, violent, drunken Irish American. |
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| Common stereotype of Irish American women during the 1920s. The Colleen sought to assimilate by being bright-eyed and good-natured. |
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| Irish American classical Hollywood film star best known for playing gangsters as well as patriotic characters. |
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| Prolific Irish American director of Hollywood Westerns and war films. |
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| Catholic group founded in the 1930s to protest against sex and violence in Hollywood films. For many years the Legion issued its own film ratings. |
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| Begun in 1934, this was a way of “enforcing” the Hollywood Production Code by specifically labeling films that had been passed by the board of censors. |
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| Someone who believes in toppling all forms of social control and/or government. |
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| Actor of Italian descent who became the most famous Latin Lover of the 1920s. |
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| Film genre that focuses on the rise and fall of a violent mobster figure. |
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| Organized crime “family” of Italian or Italian American descent. |
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| Hollywood genre that dramatizes men coming together to fight a battle. |
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| Italian film movement of the 1940s that regularly represented Italians as poor, working-class people. |
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| Prejudice against or hatred of Jews. |
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| Small-budget films made by and for the Jewish community in the 1920s and 1930s. |
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| Famous Jewish vaudeville and early film star best known for singing jazz in blackface makeup. |
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| Popular Jewish stage and early film star who often sang in blackface makeup. |
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| House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) |
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Definition
| Congressional committee that investigated communism in the United States in the 1940s and 50s. |
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