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a violent disturbance weather event
unpredictable and sudden
hurricanes, tornadoes, thunderstorms or blizzards |
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describes the state of the atmosphere
wind speed,temperature,air pressure, precipitation,humidity
change is predictable and gradual |
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Hurricane
Thunderstorms-supercell-spawn tornado |
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Definition
Largest
Ocean waves 30m (98 ft)
storm surges 9m (30 ft) |
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largest, strongest most hazardous thuderstorm.
Capable of producing tornadoes, torrential rain and dangerous wind |
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Spinning column of air extending down from a thunderstorm and inc ontact with the ground.
More compact than hurricanes |
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electrical disscharge that often accompanies hurricanes and tornadoes
unstable distribution of + and - charges |
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| air moving from high pressure tolow pressure |
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| uneven heating of Earth and the atmosphere |
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| air gains energy molecules move faster and spread out |
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| air cools, particles slow down and are more concentrated |
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Definition
| natural reuse and retention of atmospheric heat |
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| water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone |
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| heat emitted by Earths surface and absorbed by the surrounding atmosphere |
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| when liquid water on Earth absorbs energy and changes state to water vapor |
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| Overall increase in world temperature that may be caused by additional greenhouse gases |
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Definition
continual torrent of particles and magnetic field emitted by the sun
streams outward from the sun
consists of changed particles flung by the suns atmosphere into space
Higher particle events communication systems at Poles can be disrupted and radiation levels increase at higher altitudes |
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| Coronary Mass Ejections (CMEs) |
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Definition
| magnetic bubble or twisted rope of magnetic field lines that left off from the sun |
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Heat Flow in our Atmosphere
3 ways heat energy can be transferred |
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Definition
Radiation
Conduction
Convection |
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Definition
energy transferred by electronmagnetic waves
ex: flow of energy from the sun to Earth |
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heat energy can also be transferred between atoms and molecules that are in direct contact
ex: touching a hot pan and feeling it |
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Definition
in flowing materials: liquids and gases heat energy can be transferred by the movement of matter.
ex: less dense warmer liquids rise to replace more dense cooler materiails which are forced to sink. |
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Any change of matter
Always involves transfer of energy but not a change in chemical composition |
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| Phase change from solid to gas |
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| Process by which snow and frost form when water vapor changes directly to a solid state |
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| 2 Things that stand out when following the water cycle |
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Definition
1: the formation of freshwater from salt water
2: the transfer of energy using water |
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Mission 2
Physical Structure of air
Density |
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| A measure of mass per uniit volume |
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gas: atoms and molecules constantly moving
Lack of definate shape and volume
decreased volume=increased pressure |
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Mission 2 Structure of atmoshpere
4 layers of Earths atmosphere |
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Troposhere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere |
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Definition
important to study of weather
most air, water, and water vapor mix to produce weather |
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Important to study of weather
Keeps storms from growing weather upward indefinately |
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| as you ascend air pressure decreases |
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Definition
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| decrease air temperature and humidity |
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Mission 2 Understanding clouds
Cirrus clouds |
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| High, thin, usually indicate fair, sunny weather |
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| High, fluffy, little pillows in parrallel rows. Precede colder weather |
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| Darker, more dense.May indicate a steady continous rain or snow |
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| Lighter, less dense. Precede precipitation |
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Thunderstorm clouds.
Dark,towering, can reach high in to the atmosphere and may bring severe weather. |
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Mission 2: Measuring water vapor in the air
2 Different ways humidity is actually indicated |
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Definition
Absolute humidity
Relative Humidity |
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a measure of the mass of water vapor in volume of air
2g/m3=each cubic meter of air contains 2g of water vapor particles |
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| % compares the amount of water vapor existing in a parcel of air with a total amount of water vapor the air could maintain as a gas at that temperature |
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| Temperature at which enough energy is removed or given up by the water vapor to cause condensation, or liquid water,to form |
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| A system that classifies the different forms of electromagnetic radiation according to wavelength |
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| Distance between adjacent peaks in a series of periodic waves |
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Definition
Infrared and Visible: make-up majority
Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation |
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