Term
| In compounds, where is potential energy stored? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
| Energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only convert from one form to another |
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Term
| What type of energy is used as a measurement of energy that is available to do work? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reactions with a change in Gibbs free energy measurements are spontaneous if...? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are spontaneous reactions endergonic or exergonic? |
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Definition
| Exergonic (Energy releasing) |
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Term
| What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics? |
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Definition
The free energy of a system tends to decrease
(Can also be stated that the randomness (entropy) of a system tends to increase) |
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Term
| What measurement represents the heat energy (chemical bond energy) of a system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What measurements represents the randomness of a system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Gibbs free energy value for a reaction that is at equilibrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the expression to find the equilibrium constant for a reaction? |
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Definition
| Ratio of products/reactants when a reaction is at equilibrium |
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Term
| Describe the relationship between change in Gibbs free energy and the equilibrium constant |
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Definition
As the equilibrium constant increases, change in Gibbs free energy decreases (inverse relationship). Change in Gibbs is zero when the equilibrium constant is 1 (system is at equilibrium, log(1) = 0) and goes below zero as the constant continues to increase
If you don't think math class is tough:
G=-RTln(K) at equilibrium, if K>1, RTln(K)>0, so with the minus sign the change in Gibbs is negative and the reaction is spontaneous |
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Term
| Explain how the body accomplishes many of its essential chemical reactions despite the fact that they are not spontaneous |
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Definition
By coupling them to other reactions such that the sum of the change in Gibbs free energy of the two is negative so they can occur when paired together
In biological systems this is usually ATP that it is paired to. |
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Term
| Why is ATP the energy source for biological system if there are alternatives that yield more energy through hydrolysis? |
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Definition
| The body has mechanisms that make it capable of both making and using ATP both quickly and efficiently |
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