Term
| activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, the endocrine process and many functions such as body temperature, sleep and appetite |
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Definition
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Term
| the mastery gland,influenced by the hypothalamus, directly affects the function of endocrine glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| regulates sodium and electrolyte balance; affects carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
| the outer shell of the adrenal gland, synthesizes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids; and secretes small amounts of sex hormones (androgens) |
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Definition
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Term
| the inner core of the adrenal gland, works as part of the sympathetic nervous system, produces epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
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Term
| control the rate of body metabolism and growth, produces thyroxine (T4), Triidothyrodnine (T3), and thyrocalcitonin |
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Definition
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Term
| controls calcium and phosphorus metabolism, produces parathyroid hormone. sits on the thyroid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| influences carbohydrate metabolism, indirectly influences fat and protein metabolism and produces insulin and glucagon |
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Definition
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Term
| produces estrogen and progesterone |
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Definition
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Term
| control the development of the secondary sex characteristics and produce testosterone |
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Definition
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Term
| regulates hormone secretion by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. increased amounts of target gland hormones in the blood stream decrease the secretion of the same hormones and other hormones that stimulate their release. |
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Definition
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Term
| name the glands that make up the endocrine system |
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Definition
*adrenal
*hypothalamus
*pituitary
*thyroid
*parathyroid
*pancreas
*ovaries
*testes |
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Term
| name the pituitary hormones |
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Definition
*adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
*Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
*Growth hormone (GH)
*Luteinizing hormone (LH)
*Prolactin (PH)
*Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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Term
| what are the names of the hypothalamus hormones stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
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Definition
*Oxytocin
*Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) |
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Term
| hyposecretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones is called |
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Definition
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Term
| the hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
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Term
| is when the kidney tubules fail to reabsorb water, characterized by symtoms such as polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration,fatigue, muscle pain and weakness, headache tachycardia, postural hypotension and vascular collapse without rehydration |
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Definition
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Term
| diseases of the Adrenal gland are |
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Definition
*Addison's disease
*Cushings disease |
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Term
| a life threatening disorder caused by hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids).symptoms include lethargy, hypoglycemiam, hyponatremia,hyperkalemia, hypercalemia, hypotension, hyperpigmentation (bronzed skin) |
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Definition
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Term
| disease characterized by hypersecretion of cortisol. symptoms include moon face and buffalo hump, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia and reddish purple striae on the abdomen and upper thighs |
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Definition
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Term
| a disease where excessive epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted |
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Definition
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Term
| a state that occurs as a result of hyposecretion of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, characterized by decreased body metabolism. symtoms intolerance to cold, weight gain, bradycardia, constipation, goiter, edema of eyes and face, lethargy |
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Definition
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Term
| a state that results from the hypersecretion of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 characterized by and increase in body metabolism. symptoms include goiter, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, protudin eyeballs, hypertension, heat intolerance, weight loss |
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Definition
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Term
| a rare but serious disorder that results from persistently low thyroid production. symptoms include hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, generalized edema, respiratory failure and coma |
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Definition
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Term
| is an acute and life threatening condition that occurs in a client with uncontrollable hyperthyroidism. symptoms include fever, tachycardia, systolic hypertension, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, agitation, tremors, anxiety, delirium and coma |
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Definition
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Term
| a disorder of impaired carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism that is caused by a deficiency of insulin |
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Definition
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Term
| absolute deficiency of insulin, characterized by syptoms including polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia, hyperglycemia, weight loss, blurred vision, slow wound healing, vaginal infections, weakness, signs on inadequate circulation to the feet. controlled by insulin injections. |
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Definition
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Term
| is a relative lack of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin. insulin is usually sufficient to stabalize fat and protein metabolism but not to deal with carbohydrate metabolism; obesity is a major risk factor. controlled by a plan including diet, exercise and oral hypoglycemics. if those fail then insulin is used to treat. |
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Definition
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Term
| caused by repeated use of an injection site |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs when blood glucose falls to less than 60mg/dl or when the blood glucose drops rapidly from and elevated level caused by to much insulin or too little food or excessive activity. mild symptoms are hunger, nervousness, palpitations, sweating, tachycardia, tremor |
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Definition
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Term
| if a client has a hypoglycemic reaction what should you do |
|
Definition
*give glucose tablets
*6-10 lifesavers or hard candies
*4 tsp sugar
*1/2 cup fruit juice
*8 oz low fat milk
*8oz non diet soft drink |
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Term
is a life threatening complication of type 1 diabetes that develops when a severe insulin deficiency occurs and the body starts breaking down fats for energy. fats and ketones rise in the blood making the blood more acidic and increasing the blood sugar level then the person becomes tired, very thirsty and urinates frequently during the day and nigh,t then they become quite ill developing;
* excessive thirst or drinking lots of fluid
* frequent urination,
* general weakness,
* vomiting,
* loss of appetite,
* confusion,
* abdominal pain,
* shortness of breath,
* a generally ill appearance,
* dry skin,
* dry mouth,
* increased heart rate,
* low blood pressure,
* increased rate of breathing, and
* a distinctive fruity odor on the breath.
*eventual coma. |
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Definition
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Term
| diabetics guidelines during illness |
|
Definition
*take insulin as prescribed
*test glucose levels and urine for ketones every 3-4 hours
*if reg. meals cant be consumed, soft foods every 6-8 hours
*if vomiting, diarrhea or fever occurs consume liquids every 30 minutes to 1 hour
*notify physician if symptoms persist |
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Term
| hypothyroidism interventions |
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Definition
*monitor T3, T4 and TSH levels
*instruct client to take meds in the morning without food
*report symtoms of hyperthroidism
*avoid eating strawberries, peaches,pears, cabbage, greens,radishes peas
*avoid over the counter meds
*wear med alert bracelet |
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Term
| medications that inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormone used for hyperthyoidism or graves disease |
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Definition
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Term
| medication that destroys the hyperactive thyroid tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| two antithyroid medications that block the synthesis of T3 and T4 |
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Definition
*propyltiouracil
*methimazol |
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Term
| 3 drugs used to treat Hypothyroidism |
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Definition
*Levothroxine(T4)=(Synthroid)
*Liothronine (T3)=Cytomel
*Liotrix(T4+T3)-Thyrolar ratio of 4:1 |
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Term
| a drop in white blood cell count |
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Definition
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Term
| used to treat thyroid storm |
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Definition
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Term
| white blood cell count that drops below 500 |
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Definition
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Term
| when the level of platelets drop for blood clotting |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs when prothrombin (needed for blood clotting) drops |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormalities in the lymph system |
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Definition
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Term
this hormone is responsible for;
*carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
*affects sodium retention and calcium loss
*maintains normal BP levels
*is an anti-iflammatory , anti-allergenic, anti-stress
****over use can lead to severe side effects**** peptic ulcers, moon face, buffalo hump, euphoria, psychosis, increased blood sugar, edema, > BP |
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Definition
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Term
| an adrenal steroid inhibitor that is used to treat Cushing's Syndrome and breast cancer |
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Definition
| Cytradren (aminoglutethimide) |
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Term
| used to treat Addison's disease, promotes reabsorption of sodium and water, causes potassium excretion |
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Definition
| Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) |
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Term
*monitor for hypokalemia
*monitor for potassium levels
*sudden discontinuation of med can precipitate an adrenal crisis
*must be given oral, IM, IV or rectal routes but never SQ
*eat foods high in potassium
*take in the mornings with meals |
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Definition
| Nursing interventions for glucocorticoids |
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Term
| stimulates the beta cells to produce insulin and lower blood sugar levels |
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Definition
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Term
| decreases production of glucose by the liver, increases the number of insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells |
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Definition
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Term
| slows absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines |
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Definition
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Term
| increases the body's sensitivity to insulin |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| ________ is a hormone that stimulates the __________cells to convert glycogen to glucose to raise the bodies blood sugar level |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is a hormone that helps _______ cells to move glucose into cells that turn it into energy |
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Definition
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Term
| if insulin is taken orally what happens to it |
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Definition
| it is destroyed by the gastric acids in the stomach |
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Term
| what is the only type of insulin that may be taken IV |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how should insulin be stored and used |
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Definition
| in a cool place or refrigerated and used within 30 days date and time of opening |
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Term
occurs when blood sugar is to high, symptoms include
*polydipsia
*polyphagia
*polyuria
*Kassmaul respirations
*rapid, thready pulse
*dry mucous membranes
*poor turgor
*blood sugar level > 250mg/dl |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Novalog (aspart) and Humalog (lispro) are ___________ insulins |
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Definition
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Term
| Humulin R(human) and Novolin R (human)are ___________ insulins |
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Definition
| Short acting insulins (regular insulins) |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Humulin N (NPH), Novolin N(NPH), Humlin 50/50 (50%NPH-50%regular) and Novolog Mix 70/30 (70% aspart protamine 30% aspart) are all ___________ insulins |
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Definition
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Term
| Lantus (glargine)is a ____________ insulin and should never be mixed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rapid Acting insulins Humalog and Novalog begin working within_____, peaks at ________ and duration is __________. Rapid-acting insulin should be taken right before eating meals. |
|
Definition
5-15 minutes
45-90 minutes
3-4 hours
*hypoglycemia within: 1-3 HRS |
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Term
| Short Acting Regular Insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) begins working in ______ peaks within _______ and lasts for a duration of ___________ |
|
Definition
30-60 minutes
2-4 hours
6-8 hours
*hypoglycemia: before lunch |
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|
Term
Humulin N,
Novolin N,
Novolog 70/30,
Humulin 50/50
are all _____________ insulins |
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Definition
| intermediate acting insulins |
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|
Term
| Lantus (glargine) is a ______________ acting insulin |
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Definition
| long acting insulin its onset is 1.1 hrs, peak is 1 hour and duration is 24 hours |
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Term
| this test gives you a picture of your average blood glucose control for the past 2 to 3 months. The results give you a good idea of how well your diabetes treatment plan is working. |
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Definition
| Hemoglobin A1c (H A1c) test |
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|
Term
is normal fasting blood glucose levels.
for people who don't have diabetes it is 70 mg/dl to 99 mg/dl. The normal postprandial range (after eating) is 70 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl. A normal A1c is 4.5 to 5.5. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| are nonsulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agents that lower blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas |
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Definition
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|
Term
| before giving any drugs that alter glucose levels you should |
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Definition
* assess patients ability to consume food
* assess for nausea and vomiting
* consult physician if client is NPO and requiring anti-diabetic therapy |
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Term
| concerns for diabetic patient increases when the client is |
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Definition
*client is under stress
*has an infection
*has an illness or trauma
*is pregnant |
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Term
HUMULIN 50/50-(50%NPH + 50%regular)
***Intermediate acting insulin*** onset___, peak___, duration____ |
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Definition
*onset: 0.5-1 HR
*peak: 4-8 HRS
*duration: 24 HRS
*hypoglycemia: 3PM TO SUPPER |
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Term
NOVOLOG MIX 70/30-(70%aspart protamine + 30%aspart)onset___, peak___, duration____
***Intermediate acting insulin*** |
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Definition
*onset: 0.2-0.33 HR
*peak: 2-4 HRS
*duration: 18-24 HRS
*hypoglycemia: 3PM TO SUPPER |
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Term
HUMULIN N (NPH)onset, peak and duration
***Intermediate acting insulin*** |
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Definition
*onset: 1-2 HR
*peak: 4-12 HRS
*duration: 16-28 HRS
*hypoglycemia: 3PM TO SUPPER |
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Term
NOVOLIN N (NPH)onset, peak and duration
***Intermediate acting insulin*** |
|
Definition
*onset: 1-2 HR
*peak: 4-12 HRS
*duration: 16-28 HRS
*hypoglycemia: 3PM TO SUPPER |
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|
Term
| When mixing NPH insulin and regular insulin which insulin should you draw up first |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how should you store unopened vials of insulin |
|
Definition
| unopened vial should be refriderated |
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|
Term
| how long will unrefrigerated vial of insulin keep its potency |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Humalog a rapid acting form of insulin should be administered __________ before eating |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Tolbutamide (orinase) is prescribed for a client with diabetes, what should the nurse instruct the client to avoid while taking this medication___________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| when should a client take Synthroid (levothyroxine) |
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Definition
| one hour before breakfast |
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Term
| while taking Synthroid if this symptom should occur the client should notify the doctor |
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Definition
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Term
| a patient is taking propylitiourcil (PTU), for which condition would they be taking this medication |
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Definition
| Graves disease or hyperthroidism |
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Term
| a patient is taking propylthiourcil (PTU), they should notify the doctor if this symptom occrus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| if a client develops hoarseness and a weak voice after a thyroidectomy you should explain to them |
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Definition
| that it is only a temporary condition |
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Term
| a client is admitted to the hospital for myxedema what is the initial nursing action |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a patient with diabetes mellitus should be taught proper foot care one of the things they should be told is to when administering moisturizing lotion to their dry feet is |
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Definition
| not to put it between their toes |
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Term
| a client who has Cushing disease should be instructed that they can eat foods high in |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| A client with type 1 Diabetes and taking NPH insulin with reoccurring bouts of hypoglycemia should be notified that they should not exercise during this time of the day |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what client complaint should notify the nurse to a possible hypoglycemic reaction |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what would the nurse include in the care plan of a client with graves disease (hyperthyroid) |
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Definition
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