Term
| Disorders of hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
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Definition
Acromegaly and gigantism
hyperprolactinemia
Anterior hypopituitarism
Posterior hypopituitarism |
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Term
| Def of Acromegaly and Gigantism |
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Definition
hypersecretion of GH
Acromegaly - in adult due to pituitary GH adenoma
Gigantism - in kids before closure of epiphyseal plates |
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Term
| cause of Acromegaly and gigantism |
|
Definition
usually result of somatotrope adenoma
- < 1% are malignant |
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Term
| SSx of Acromegally and gigantism |
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Definition
frontal blossing
increased hand and foot size
mandibular enlargement; prognathism
widened space b/w lower incisor teeth
deepening of voice
macroglossia (enlarged tongue), sleep apnea, amenorrhea, oily skin, colon polyps |
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Term
| Labs for acromegaly and gigantism |
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Definition
MRI
GH suppression test
IGF levels are high |
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Term
| Tx for acromegaly and gigantism |
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Definition
transsphenoid surgery
radiation at tumor site
dopamine agonist: bromocriptine, carbergoline
somatostatin analog - octreotide
GH antagonist |
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|
Term
| Def of hyperprolactinemia |
|
Definition
| hypersecretion of prolactin from pituitary |
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Term
| most common functioning pituitary tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| causes of hyperprolactinemia |
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Definition
-Physiologic: pregnant, sleep, stress, chest wall stimulation, lactation
-Pathologic (pituitary stalk damage): tumor, trauma, empty sella
- Pathologic (hypersecretion) prolactinoma, acromegaly |
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Term
| SSx of hyperprolactinemia |
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Definition
- Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility,
- Men: diminished libido, visual loss
- hypogonadism, wt gain, hirsutism |
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|
Term
| Labs for hyperprolactinemia |
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Definition
MRI
Serum Prl level (>100)
- Pregnancy test, electrolytes, renal fxn |
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Term
| Tx for hyperprolactinemia |
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Definition
Goal: normalize Prl to release effect on gonad, stop galactorrhea, preserve bone
Dopamine agonist - cabergoline, bromocriptine |
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Term
| Def of anterior hypopituitarism |
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Definition
- Loss of one or more anterior pituitary hormones
- caused by either hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction |
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Term
| most common anterior hypopituitarism in children |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common anterior hypopituitarism in adults |
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Definition
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Term
| SSx of anterior hypopituitarism (depends on hormone lacking) |
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Definition
- ACTH def: reduces secretion of cortisol, testosterone, and epi (aldosterone remains intact); wt loss, hypotension
- GH def: short stature in kids; adults obesity, cardiac mortality (low Q)
- Prl def: inhibits postpartum lactation
-TSH def: causes wt change, secondary hypothyroidism, fatigue, weakness, hyperlipidemia
- FSH + LH def: hypogonadism and infertility; hyposmia, delayed puberty, loss of axillar, pubic,body hair, decr libido
Panhypopituitarism: apathy, skin changes
TSH
Prl
GH |
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Term
| Tx for anterior hypopituitarism |
|
Definition
replacement hormones
removal of offending agents |
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|
Term
| Diabetes insipidus caused by..? |
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Definition
| Posterior hypopituitarism |
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Term
| Def of posterior hypopituitarism/diabetes insipidus |
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Definition
| deficiency in vassopressin or oxytocin --> large amt of dilute urine |
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Term
| causes of posterior hypopituitarism/DI |
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Definition
-Primary DI: autoimmunity against ADH
-Secondary DI: damage of hypothalamus or pituitary stalk by tumor, surgery, etc
-Vassopressin induced DI: enzyme destroys native vassopressin
-Nephrogenic DI: defect in kidney tubules interferes w/ water reabsorption |
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Term
| SSX of posterior hypopituitarism/DI |
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Definition
- ADH deficiency --> DI - polyuria, polydipsia
- Oxytocin def --> lacation failure in postpartum women |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasopressin and Desmopressin |
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