Term
| 7 non-repro endocrine organs |
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Definition
-hypothalamus
-pituitary
-thyroid
-parathyroid
-pancreas
-adrenals
-kidney |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism is a deficiency of what hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Concerning thyroid hormones: ___ is converted to ___ in the tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
| Causes of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
-dysfunction of thyroid gland usually
-iodine deficiency
-SE of cancer or system infection
-congenital (Akitas) |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism only occurs in cats if... |
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Definition
| they've been treated for hyperthyroidism |
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Term
| Thyroxine is also called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Signalment of hypothyroid patients: |
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Definition
-3-8yo (middle age)
-pure bred med - lg breed
-females more often |
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Term
|
Definition
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
-hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
-pituitary |
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Term
| Hormone associated with hypothalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone associated with pituitary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hormone associated with pancreas? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas is located... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Can you see adrenals in a rad? |
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Definition
| Only if they're calcified. |
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Term
| Hormone associated with kidneys? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-intolerance to cold
-intolerance to exercise
-weight gain w/o additional food intake
-lethargy |
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Term
| Dermatological signs associated with hypothyroidism: |
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Definition
-hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis
-increased incidence of pyoderma
-bilateral alopecia
-dry skin and hair |
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Term
How does hypothyroidism affect:
-immune system?
-heart?
-GI?
-repro?
- |
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Definition
-immune system = suppressed
-heart = bradycardia
-GI = constip/diarrhea/normal
-repro = infertility |
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Term
| How to Dx hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
-thyroid function test
-decreased T4
-increased TSH |
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Term
| How to Tx hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| -synthetic thyroxine (T4) / sodium levothyroxine |
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Term
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Definition
-reevaluate after 8wks
-monitor every 6-12mo for rest of life |
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Term
| Instructions to client on day of hypothyroid testing? |
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Definition
| give thyroid meds and know what time they were given! |
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Term
| Causes of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
-adenoma (benign) = most common
-carcinoma |
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Term
| __% hyperthyroid patients are cats. |
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Definition
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Term
| Age of onset of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-can palpate thyroid
-polyphagia and weight loss
-^activity, ^nervousness
-muscle weakness |
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Term
How does hyperthyroidism affect:
-heart?
-GI?
-Renal? |
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Definition
-heart = tachycardia
-GI = V/D
-Renal = PU/PD |
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Term
| How to Dx hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
-CBC normal
-^ALT, ^BUN, ^CREA, ^GLU
-^thyroid hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
-anti-thyroid drugs (tapazole, felimazole)
-Sx
-radioactive iodine
-Rx diet y/d with NO iodine |
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Term
| Disadvantages of antithyroid drugs? |
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Definition
-have to pill cat
-takes 2-4wks for effect
-blood test every 3-6mo
-may cause vomiting
-1 in 5 get shut down bone marrow |
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Term
| Disadvantage of Sx thyroid removal? |
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Definition
| lethal if parathyroid is also removed |
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Term
| Advantage of Sx thyroid removal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Advantage of radioactive iodine for Tx of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Disadvantage of radioactive iodine? |
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Definition
-$$$
-stay in iso bc urine is radioactive |
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Term
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Definition
-transition over 7 days
-recheck T3 at 4 and 8 weeks after transition
-should be normal by 8 weeks |
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Term
| How to use y/d in a multi-cat household? |
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Definition
-all cats can eat y/d
-normal thyroid cats- sneak T normal wet food every day |
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Term
| Cushing's/Addison's- which is hypoadrenocorticism? |
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Definition
| Addison's - you need to ADD steroids with Addison's |
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Term
| Cushing's results from chronic... |
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Definition
| exposure to excess glucocorticoid |
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Term
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Definition
-85% pituitary-dependent
-15% adrenal tumors
-iatrogenic |
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Term
|
Definition
-PU/PD
-potbelly
-bilateral symmetric alopecia with thin skin & hyperpigmentation
-panting
-testicular atrophy/anestrous if intact
-likely to have diabetes (insulin resistant) |
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Term
| What diseases cause bilateral alopecia and hyperpigmentation? How to tell apart? |
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Definition
Hypothyroidism and Cushing's
-hypo: thick skin
-Cushing's: thin skin |
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Term
|
Definition
^ALP, ^ALT, ^cholesterol
^USG
rads- might not see anything
US- adrenal tumors?
adrenal function tests |
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Term
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Definition
-ACTH stim
-low or high dose dexamethasone tests
-urine cortisone/creatinine ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
-usually drugs (mitotane/Lysodren, trilostane/Vetoryl)
-Sx if adrenals are the cause |
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Term
| Addison's disease is a deficiency of... |
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Definition
| glucocorticoid +/- mineral corticoids from the adrenal cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
-atrophy/destruction of adrenal cortex
-abrupt withdrawal of steroids |
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Term
|
Definition
-anorexia, V/D
-weakness, lethargy, wobbly
-signs become worse with stress!!! |
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Term
| Signalment of Addison's patients? |
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Definition
-Great Dane, Port. Water Dog, Rott, Standard Poodle, Westies, Wheatons
-<7yo
-70% females |
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Term
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Definition
^PCV, ^esosinophelia, ^lymphocytosis
^K, decrease Na (K:Na <27)
ACTH stim test |
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Term
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Definition
-initial: fluids to correct electrolyte imbalance
-glucocorticoid supp (pred)
-mineralcorticoid supp (florinef, DOCP, percorten) |
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Term
| Define diabetes mellitus. |
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Definition
-metabolic disorder
-insulin deficiency or impaired insulin action
-carb intolerance
-abnormal protein/lipid metabolism |
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Term
| Signalment of diabetes mellitus patients? |
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Definition
-all breeds
-middle age
-female dogs
-male cats |
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Term
|
Definition
-PU/PD
-polyphagia
-weight loss despite ^appetance
-dogs: cataracts
-hepatomegaly |
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Term
| How to Dx diabetes mellitus? |
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Definition
-urine: glucosuria
-chem: ^GLU in blood
-glucose curve: monitor response to insulin |
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Term
Glucose peak max in
-dogs?
-cats? |
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Definition
dogs: 100-200
cats: 150-300 |
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Term
| Never administer insulin if... |
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Definition
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Term
| How to do a glucose curve? |
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Definition
-drop off in AM, fasting blood glucose
-give breakfast and insulin
-measure at intervals |
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Term
| How to Tx diabetes mellitus? |
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Definition
-insulin (IV, intermediate, long-acting)
-diet
-exercise |
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Term
| Hill's food that Jan called the "Catkins" diet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of diet should a diabetes mellitus patient eat? |
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Definition
-consistent
-high fiber, low carb
-dogs BID, cats free choice |
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Term
| How to monitor a diabetic patient? |
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Definition
-home: urine test strips
-clinic: glucose curve, fructosamine level (send out- avg glucose level past 2 weeks) |
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Term
| Emergency kit for diabetic patient? |
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Definition
| -12cc syringe attached to Karo syrup -12cc/10# |
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Term
|
Definition
-weakness
-ataxia
-shaking
-seizures
-coma |
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