Term
| What sex hormones are mainly produced by females? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sex hormones are primarily produced by males |
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Definition
| Androgen and Testosterone |
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Term
| What produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormones are released in response to GnRH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three estrogens? |
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Definition
| Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone |
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Term
| What functions do estrogens do? |
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Definition
| Stimulate growth of the ovaries and begin preparing the uterus for pregnancy. |
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Term
| Breast, pelvic development, distribution of fat and muscle are controlled by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does progesterone do during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| maintains uterine conditions during pregnancy. |
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Term
| FSH stimulates growth of what? |
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Definition
| Ovarian body called graafian follicle, which encloses the egg |
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Term
| What hormones aids in the rupture of the follicle sending the egg into the fallopian tubes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone promotes growth of the corpus luteum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used for shedding the uterine lining and blood supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is produced by the ovary for the first half of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is produced in the latter half of the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three hormones produced by the ovaries? |
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Definition
| Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone. |
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Term
| What is the small blister like structure that forms around an egg cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the corpus luteum develop from? |
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Definition
| From the remains of the follicle that released the egg. Only structure that produces progesterone in significant quantities. |
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Term
| What happens to the cells that form the lining of the follicle? |
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Definition
| proliferate and develop yellowish color and produce progesterone and estrogen |
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Term
| What does progesterone do for the uterus? |
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Definition
| It prepares the endometrium for pregnancy. |
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Term
| What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur? |
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Definition
| It dies and scar tissue remains known as corpus albicans. Corpus luteum functions independently from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| first part of menstrual cycle, where one or more follicles start to develop into mature female gamete. Follicle cells surround oocyte and produce hormones that trigger other responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| oocyte released from ovary and passes down the fallopian tube and towards the uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
| most of the follicle cells remain in the ovary after ovulation. continue to develop and form corpus luteum. |
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Term
| FSH target organ and function |
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Definition
| Ovary, stimulates growth and development of follicle stimulates secrtion of estrogen. |
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Term
| Estrogen target organ and function |
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Definition
| endometrium. stimulates repair uterine lining. at high conc. inhibits FSH, however during pituitary hormone surge it stimulates further FSH production. As conc. peaks stimulates release of LH. |
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Term
| Luteinizing Hormone target organ and function |
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Definition
| Ovary, stimulates the final development of the follicle, stimulates ovulation, stimulates the development of the corpus luteum, stimulates production of progesterone |
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Term
| Progesteron Target organ and function |
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Definition
| Uterus, inhibits FSH, and LH, fall in concetration results in menstruation, fall in conc. removes inhibition of FSH and a new cycle begins. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. - and + on FSH and LH 2. Maturation and maintenance of fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina. 3.Secondary Sex Characteristics at puberty 4. Development of Breasts 5. Proliferation and development of granulose cells 6. maintains pregnancy 7.lowers uterine threshold to contractile stimuli during pregnancy. 8. prolactin secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| 1.- on FSH and LH 2. maintains secretory activity of uterus during luteal phase 3. maintains pregnancy 4.raises uterine threshold to contractile stimuli 5.responsible for development of breasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by steadily increasing levels of estrogen and progesterone which maintain endometrium for fetus, suppress ovarian follicular function and stimulate development of breasts |
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Term
| What hormone rescues corpus luteum from regression if fertilization occurs? |
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Definition
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin which is produced by the placenta. |
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Term
| First Trimester progesterone production |
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Definition
| corpus luteum responsible for productino of estradiol and progesterone. peak levels occur at gestational week nine and decline |
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Term
| Second and Third Trimester Progesterone Production |
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Definition
| progesterone is produced by placenta. estrogens are produced by interplay of fetal adrenal gland and placenta. |
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Term
| What is the major placental estrogen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| growth hormone-like and prolactin-like effects is produced throughout pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of fluid within the ovary that are part of the normal process of menstruation. |
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Term
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Definition
| any ovarian follicle that is larger than about 2 centimeters is termed an ovarian cyst. |
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Term
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Definition
| which may rupture at mid-cycle and cause mittelschmerz |
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Term
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Definition
| may rupture about the time of menstruatio and take up to three monts to disappear entirely. |
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Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of Ovarian cysts? |
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Definition
| dull pain in lower abdomen or discomfort, fullness bloating, pain during sex, masturbation or exercise, irregular period or spotting, change in frequency of urinatino or difficulty with bowel movements due to pressure on adjacent pelvic anatomy, fatigue, increased testosterone or hair growth, death at young age if not treated. |
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Term
| Treatment of Ovarian Cysts |
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Definition
| 95% of ovarian cysts are benign; those that persist beyond two or three menstrual cycles or post-menopausal women may be serious and should be investigated. Surgical biopsy. Elevated CA-125. Tumore marker, which is often found in increased levels in ovarian cancer, although it can also be elevated byother conditions resulting in a large number of false positives. |
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Term
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome) |
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Definition
| most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. leading cause of infertility |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
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Definition
| Oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea. irregular, few, or absent menstrual periods; heavy bleeding, infertility, elevated androgen serum level, androstenedione, DHEAS, hirsutism, central obesity, acne, oily skin, seborrhea. |
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Term
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Definition
| (unkown cause). more children, lower risk. Early first pregnancy, old rinal pregnancy, oral contraceptive. reduced with tubal ligation. BRCA1, BRCA2 |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer |
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Definition
| sens of pelvic heaviness, vaginal bleeding, weight gain or weight loss, abnormal menstraul cycles, unexplained back pain, increased abdominal girth, vague lower abdominal discomfort, increased gas, indigestion, lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, inability ot ingest usual volumes of food, increased urinary frequency/urgency |
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Term
| What is the treatment of Ovarian Cancer? |
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Definition
| Surgery is preferred and used for diagnosis. Chemotherapy treat residual disease. Systemic chemotherapy including platinum derivative with a taxane as preferred mehtod of treating advanced ovarian cancer. Radiation not effective for advanced stages because a high dose can not be delivered because vital organs are in the radiation field. |
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