Term
| Thyroid hormones are ___ soluble |
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Definition
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Term
| Fat soluble hormones bind to a receptor located where? |
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Definition
| In the cytoplasm or nucleus |
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Definition
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| Epinephrine is ___ soluble |
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Definition
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Term
| Water soluble hormones bind to a receptor located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ soluble hormones can result in a very large response from a small amount of hormone. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ soluble hormones use a second messenger |
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Definition
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Term
| Amines are ___ soluble hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Amines, peptides, and proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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| The two types of hormone categories determine... |
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Definition
| which receptors they will bind ot and how they will travel through the body |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| Tyrosine and thyroid hormones are examples of what type of chemical category? |
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Definition
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Term
| amino acids that have certain groups added to their side chains so they are not technically amino acids anymore are... |
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Definition
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Term
| These are short chains of amino acids, made up of 15 or less amino acids. ADH and OT are two of these that only contain 9 amino acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are long chains of amino acids made up of thousands of molecules. Insulin is an example of a short one of these. PTH is another |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acids are ___ soluble with the exception of___ ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| This main hormone is a lipid |
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Definition
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Term
| This hormone is un-categorically fat soluble |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of a "target cell" |
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Definition
| cells in which a hormone affects/acts on |
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Term
| Possible responses from the target cell/tissue/organ |
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Definition
* Stimulation of protein synthesis
* An activation or deactivation of enzymes
* An alteration in the permeability of the cell membrane
* An altered rate of mitosis and cell growth
* or a stimulation of the secretions of products |
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Term
| Determining factors in regards to where a hormone will bind to the receptor |
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Definition
| is the hormone hydrophobic or hydrophilic |
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Term
| cell membranes are made up of |
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Definition
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Term
| When the steroid hormone enters the cell it forms a very large protein complex called.... |
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Definition
| a hormone-receptor complex |
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Term
| Internal cellular membranes are made up of... |
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Definition
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Term
| A hormone-receptor complex is formed when.... |
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Definition
| A steroid hormone enters the cell and attaches to the receptor in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus |
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Term
| After a hormone complex is formed, it will then move to ___ where it starts ___? |
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Definition
| the chromatin of the DNA, the process of protein synthesis |
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Term
| Thyroid hormones do not form hormone-receptor complex but does... |
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Definition
| bind directly to the receptors on the DNA |
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Term
| When a thyroid hormone bonds directly to the receptors on the DNA it... |
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Definition
| signals protein synthesis |
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Term
| This fat soluble hormone does not form a hormone-receptor complex |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein synthesis causes the cell to... |
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Definition
| grow, move, divide and change ( function specific) |
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Term
| Transcription of a gene... |
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Definition
| creates a messenger RNA that is translated into the desired protein within the cytoplasm |
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Term
| This type of hormone cannot pass though the phospholipid membrane |
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Definition
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Term
| Water soluble hormones must attach to a receptor on the... |
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Definition
| outside of the target cell. |
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Term
| what are two functions of the proteins in the phospholipid membrane |
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Definition
| recognition and transport |
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Term
| The proteins that the water soluble hormones attach to are |
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Definition
| signal transduction proteins |
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Term
| This action is referred to as the first messenger... |
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Definition
| bonding of the water soluble hormone to the membrane receptor on the target cell. |
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Term
| This triggers the activation of a G protein on the inside of the cell membrane |
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Definition
| The binding of the water soluble hormone to the cells membrane receptor |
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Term
| The G protein activates... |
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Definition
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Term
| Adenylate cyclase converts |
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Definition
| ATP (adeno-sine-tri-phosphate)to cAMP(cyclic adeno-sine-mono-phosphate) |
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Term
| This action is referred to as the second messenger... |
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Definition
| The activation of a G protein that then activates adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cAMP |
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Term
| cAMP activates an enzyme inside the cytoplasm called... |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein Kinase is activated by... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme inside the cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| another cascade that leads to the activation of proteins in the cell to alter cellular activity |
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Term
| 3 ways hormone secretion is controlled |
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Definition
Tropic Hormones
Blood composition
Feedback loops |
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Term
| Tropic hormones regulate hormone secretion by... |
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Definition
| Tropic hormones travel though the bloodstream to the target, stimulating the cells of that organ to start releasing its hormones |
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Term
| Blood composition regulates hormone secretion by... |
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Definition
| target cells may limit the number of receptors or the sensitivity for that hormone if there is a lot of that hormone detected in the bloodstream |
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Term
| Feedback loops regulate hormone secretion by... |
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Definition
negative and positive feedback loops.
EX POS: OT, Oxytocin
EX NEG: Testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| When two hormones have similar effects and produce an increased response. EX: E and NE |
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Term
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Definition
| When two hormones have opposing effects. EX: insulin and glucagon |
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Term
| "COMMAND CENTER of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM" |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus and pituitary glands. |
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Term
| The "Stalk" of the hypothalamus is called |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two parts to the hormones produced by the hypothalamus |
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Definition
**Tropic hormones exclusively into the blood vessels that affect the anterior pituitary.
**Hormones that have direct effects on body tissues that are stored and secreted within the anterior pituitary |
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Term
| 9 Hormones produced by the hypothalamus |
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Definition
TRH: Thyrotropin releasing hormone
PRH: Prolactin releasing hormone
PIH: Prolactin inhibiting hormone
CRH: Corticotropin releasing hormone
GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone
GHRH: Growth Hormone releasing hormone
SS: Somatostatin
OT: Osytocin
ADH: Antidiuretic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
TRH: Thyrotropin releasing hormone
PRH: Prolactin releasing hormone
PIH: Prolactin inhibiting hormone
CRH: Corticotropin releasing hormone
GnRH: Gonadotropin releasing hormone
GHRH: Growth Hormone releasing hormone
SS: Somatostatin
FSH: Follicle Stimulating Homrone
LH: Leutinizing hormone
ACTH: adrenocoticotropic hormone
TSH: Thyroid Stimulating hormone |
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Term
| THR (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) function? |
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Definition
| Stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) |
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Term
| Function of PRH (Prolactin releasing hormone) and PIH (Prolactin inhibiting hormone) |
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Definition
| Regulation of prolactin levels |
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Term
| Funtion of CRH (Corticotropin releasing hormone) |
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Definition
| Stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) |
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Term
| Function GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) |
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Definition
| Stimulated the anterior pituitary to produce sex hormones |
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Term
| Function of GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone) and SS (Somatostatin) |
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Definition
| Regulates growth hormone levels |
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Term
| OT (oxytocin) and ADH (antidiuretic hormone) are produced ?, in what cell, and travel to ?, in the ? |
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Definition
| in the hypothalamus in the neurons and travel to the axonal terminals in the posterior pituitary |
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Term
| 7 of the hypothalamus hormones have a direct effect on the ____ making them tropic hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior pituitary is directly linked to the hypothalamus through ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ |
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Definition
| Neurons that travel down the infundibulum. |
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Term
| Where is OT (Oxytocin) and ADH (antidiuretic hormone made, moved, and stored, secreted |
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Definition
Made in the cells of the hypothalamus
Moved down the axon terminals into the capillaries of the posterior pituitary where it is released into the bloodstream |
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Term
| Function of ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)? |
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Definition
| water retention though the kidneys |
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Term
| Function of OT (oxytocin)? |
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Definition
| stimulates uterine contraction. NOTE* Receptors for OT increase toward the end of the pregnancy and follow a positive feedback loop. |
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Term
| The anterior pituitary is derived... |
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Definition
| embryologically from glandular tissue |
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Term
| The pituitary gland is also known as... |
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Definition
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Term
| How many hormones does the posterior pituitary make? |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior pituitary receives its hormones from the ? via the ? |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus via nuronal axons |
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Term
| How many portal systems are there in the body and where are they located? |
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Definition
| 3; one in the liver, one in the kidneys, and one in the anterior pituitary |
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