Term
| What does the endocrine system do |
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Definition
-growth and development and reproduction
-homeostasis (electrolytes, nutrients in blood, cellular metabolism, water balance)
-modulates energy resources to match our activity level |
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Term
| Characteristics of Exocrine glands |
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Definition
| secrete product onto surface of skin/mucous membrane through a duct |
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Term
| Characteristic of Endocrine Glands |
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Definition
-ductless (exocytosis)
-highly vacularized
-secrete hormones into interstital fluid/bood to act on cells at a distance
0amino avids derivatives, peptides, steroid |
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Term
| Where are target receptors located? |
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Definition
Membrane
Cytoplams/Nucleus |
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Term
| Negative feedback mechanisms |
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Definition
| most common, target tissue response dimishes the original stimulus |
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Term
| Positive Freeback Mechanisms |
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Definition
| Rare, target tissue response enhances the original stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
-hypothalamus
-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-thymus
-suprarenal gland
-parathyroid gland
-kidney
-pancreatic islet
-gonads
-ovary |
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Term
| Hypothalamus and Neuroendocrine Functions |
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Definition
-controls adrenal medulla
-produces posterior lobe hormones (oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone)
-regulates anterior pituitary(releasing and inhibiting hormones) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized supraoptic nuclei, decreases in BP and volume, targets kidneys, effects decreases water lost, and dysfunctions are diabetes insipidus |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized paraventricular nuclei, regulates lacation, childbirth, and prostatic functions, targets smooth muscle in mammary/prostate ducts and uterus |
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Term
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Definition
releasing hormones
inhibiting hormones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
thyroid stimulation hormone
thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Follicle stimulating hormone
Gonads |
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Term
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Definition
Luteinizing hormone
Gonads |
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Term
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Definition
stimulates TSH
synthesizes T3 and T4
corrects low/high levles of T3/4 and body temp
targets all cells
effects adjustment of metabolism |
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Term
| Thyroid parafollicular C-cells |
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Definition
synthesize calctinonin
corrects high levles calcium in body fluids
target tissues of osteoclast and kidneys
effects decrease osteoclast activity and kidney excretes calcium |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesize parathyroid hormone
corrects low levels of calcium in body fluids
targets tissues osteoclasts and kidneys
effects increase osteoclast activity and kidney conserve calcium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Levels of the Adrenal Cortex |
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Definition
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates CRH -> ATCH
targets kidneys
corrects low blood pressure
effects retaining sodium and water |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates CRH -> ATCH
targets most cells
effects moblizing stored energy during prolong/severe stress |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates by preganglionic sympathetics
releases epinephrine and norepinephrine
targets fight/flight organs
effects prolonged stress reponse |
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Term
| Beta Cells of Islet of Langerhans |
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Definition
Synthesize insulin
corrects high blood glucose
targets body cells
effects uptake of glucose into cells |
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Term
| Alpha Cells of Islets of Langerhands |
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Definition
Synthesizes glucagon
corrects low blood gluocse
targets body cells
effects mobilizes stored energy reserves |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of insulin produced by beta cells
cells cannot absorb glucose
high glucose concentration in the blood and urine
kidney cannot conserve water
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Term
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Definition
decreased sensitivity to insulin or inadequate amount of insulin secretion
usually controlled by diet and exercise |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulating hormone- GHRH, sleep and stress
targets all cells-especially muscle, bone
effects- builds proteins and cellular structures, mobilize fat stores for energy source, replace old cells |
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Term
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Definition
GnRH-> FSH
-follicle cells produce estrogens (maturation of oocytes, stimulates growth of uterine lining)
-produces inhidbin |
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Term
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Definition
GnRH->LH
-After ovulation, follicle cells remaining in ovary form the corpus luteum
-produce progesteron for implantation of fertilized ovum |
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Term
| Endorine Functions of the Kidney |
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Definition
-renin(increase blood pressure)
-erythropoietin(red blood cells production by the bone marrow, increase blood pressure and oxygen levels)
-steroid hormone calcitriol (secreted with PTH increase calcium levels, increase calcium absorption in the digestive tract) |
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Term
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Definition
| embedded in connective tissue of thoracic cavity or base of neck, hormones stimulate the development and maintenance of immunity |
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Term
| Endocrine cells of endocrine glands |
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Definition
| ductless, glandular secretory cells that release chemicals (hormones) directly into the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound secreted by one cell that travels through the circulatory system to affect the activities of cells in another part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| c-cells lower calcium concentration by |
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Definition
inhiting work of osteoclasts
stimulates calcium concentration loss by kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| hypothyroidism in infacnts- inadequate skeletal and nervous development |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of thyroid- increase in follicular size or increase production of thyroid hormones |
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Term
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Definition
outer part of adernal gland
secrets over 24 different steroid hormones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| involved with angiotension in the blood whichs timulates the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted in response to presence of parathyroid hormone- stimulates calcium absorption in digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
most important
promotes production of sperm
maintains secretory glands of reproductive tract
influences secondary sexual characteristics
stimulates muscle growth |
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Term
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Definition
decrease secretion of FSH from pituitary
inhibin and FHS work together to maintain sperm production levels |
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