Term
| hormones of the anterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
Indirect acting hormones (tropic hormones)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL) |
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Term
| hormones of the posterior pituitary gland |
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Definition
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroid stimulating hormone
stimulates thyroid to release t3 and t4 |
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Term
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Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone |
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Term
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Definition
Follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates ovaries and testes to release hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Luteinizing hormone
stimulates ovaries and testes to release hormones |
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Term
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Definition
Growth hormones
stimulates body growth, bones, muscles and tissues |
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Term
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Definition
Prolactin
stimulates breast milk production |
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Term
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Definition
Antidiuretic hormone
stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates the uterus and prostate contraction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits the secretions of the gonadotropins and affects changes in the body clock mechanism (SLEEP CYCLE) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blocks the transmission of neuromuscular nerve impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| develops the immune system (T- Lymphocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
thyroxine (t4)
triiodothyronine (t3)
calcitonin |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates the rate of metabolism and growth and development; abundant hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates the rate of metabolism and growth and development; principle potent hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| decreases calcium in the blood by redirecting it back into the bone |
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Term
| parathyroid gland hormones |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Parathormone
maintains (increases) calcium and phosphate balance in the body |
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Term
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Definition
CORTEX:
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
gonadocorticoids
MEDULLA:
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
cortisol (Stress, decrease inflammation)
involved in carbohydrates (CHO), protein, and fat metabolism and the body's reaction to stress |
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Term
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Definition
aldosterone
regulates how electrolytes are processed (sodium retention)(h2o) |
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Term
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Definition
| increases body metabolism rate; fight or flight reaction (sympathetic) |
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Term
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Definition
| contracts the blood vessels, increases the blood pressure, slows the GI tract, and dilates the pupils (return to balance...parasympathetic)(negative feedback) |
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Term
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Definition
insulin
glucagon
somatostatin |
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Term
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Definition
| moves glucose out of the blood nd into the cells |
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Term
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Definition
| targets the liver to release glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| interferes with the release of GH and glucagon |
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Term
| reproductive hormone glands |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| premature sexual development in females and infertility |
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Term
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Definition
| premature sexual development in females and infertility |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| premature male sexual development and muscle hypertrophy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cells found in target organs that are influenced either by neurotransmitters or hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| pancrease is (ENDOCRINE/EXOCRINE/BOTH) |
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Definition
| both- releases enzymes through a duct into the duodenum to break down foods for digestion and also releases insulin directly into the bloodstream to help the body use glucose |
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Term
| hormones that are secreted by one gland and target another endocrine gland stimulating growth and secretion |
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Definition
| tropic hormone (released by anterior pituitary and hypothalamus) |
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Term
| increased calcium = increased __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| decreased calcium = increased ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| returns body to normal balance; ie shivering, thirst |
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Term
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Definition
| allows body to cope in stressful situations; ie childbirth, emergency; can be maintained only a short time |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin=decrease blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| glucagon=increase blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| somatostatin= balance blood glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Atrial natriuretic peptide
decreases blood volume by kidneys increasing sodium loss |
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Term
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Definition
enzyme
increase BP and volume |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: placenta sends vitamin D to liver then to kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increases mount of bile from the gallbladder |
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Term
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Definition
| increases hydrochloric acid (HCL) |
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Term
| t/f: sea salt and kelp may increase levels of iodine |
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid gland drugs used for hyperfunction |
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Definition
methimazole (Tapazole)
propylthiouracil (PTU)
strong iodine solution (Lugol's solution)
propranolol (Inderal) |
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Term
| Thyroid gland drugs used for hypofunction |
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Definition
thyroid desiccated (Armour thyroid)
liotrix (Thyrolar)
levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid, Levothroid)
liothyronine soidum (Cytomel) |
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Term
| Parathyroid gland drugs used for hyperfunction |
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Definition
| synthetic calcitonin (Calcimar) |
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Term
| parathyroid gland drugs used for hypofunction |
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Definition
oral calcium
vitamin D
Vitamin D2 (Calciferol) |
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Term
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Definition
| tapping the side of the face and watching for twitching of facial muscles- sign of hypocalcemia |
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Term
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Definition
| signs of tetany due to hypcalcemia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what can cause hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| tumor, goiter, an autoimmune disorder, or treatment of hypothyroidism with thyroid hormones can cause symptoms of hyperthyroidism if the dosage is too high, excessive secretion of TSH, thyroiditis; neoplasms; stress, infection |
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Term
| pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
increase in metbolic rate due to increased secretion of t3&4; body is in overdrive; sped up
increased TH; heightened sympathetic NS response to stimulation; increased cardiac rate and stroke volume; restless; |
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Term
| what happens if hyperthyroidism is untreated? |
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Definition
| cardiac dysrhythmias or even cardiac arrest; psychiatric disorders; thyroid crisis |
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Term
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Definition
| restlessness, tachycardia, increased appetite with weight loss, diarrhea, heat intolerance, fine hair, smooth skin, emotional lability, fine tremors, HTN, palpitations, dysrhythmias, nervousness, exopthalamos, fatigue, weakness, diaphoresis |
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Term
| t/f: treatment of hyperthyroidism may result in hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| true- due to overdosaging |
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Term
| t/f: thyroid cancer is one of the most fatal of all cancers |
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Definition
FALSE!
one of the most treatable! |
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Term
| bulging eyes resulting from enlarging tissue behind the eyes; patient may not be able to close eyelids over the eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| primary hyperthyroidism serum TSH |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the pros/cons with antithyroid medications? |
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Definition
pro: inhibit thyroid hormone production
cons: cannot affect hormones already stored for release- iodine meds are needed for this action |
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Term
| what do iodine medications do in hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| suppress the release of thyroid hormones and decrease the vascularity of the gland |
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Term
| why is potassium iodide given? |
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Definition
| to ready the gland for surgery |
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Term
| common drug used to relieve thyrotoxicosis |
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Definition
| beta adrenergic blockers- Inderal |
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Term
| may be used to irradiate the thyroid gland and destroy thyroid cells, thereby decreasing thyroid hormone production |
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Definition
| radioactive iodine; may cause hypothyroidism- will require lifelong hormone replacement therapy |
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Term
| what happens if meds can't control hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
(methimazole)inhibit thyroid hormone production; antithyroid med
side effect: hypothyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
(propylthiouracil) inhibit thyroid hormone production
side effect: bradycardia |
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Term
| SSKI/potssium iodide, saturated solution |
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Definition
inhibits hormone relese, decreases gland vascularity
side effects: hypothyroidism, fatigue, weight gain |
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Term
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Definition
iodine solution that inhibits hormone release, decreases gland vascularity
side effects: bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
(propranolol) beta-adrenergic blocker that relieves thyroid storm/crisis/thyrotoxicosis
side effects: bradycardia, fatigue, weakness |
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Term
| surgery that allows the thyroid gland to continue to produce hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| surgery that completely removes the thyroid hormone; requires lifelong hormone replacement therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| most common form of hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
| graves disease is more common in (MEN/WOMEN) |
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Definition
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Term
| what causes graves disease? |
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Definition
| unknown; may be hereditary link and emotional stress factors often present |
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Term
| t/f: graves disease is classified as an autoimmune disorder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| edema of fat deposits behind the eye and inflammation of the extraocular muscles; the accumulating pressure forces the eyes outward from their orbits; may have blurred vision, eye pain, excessive tearing and photophobia |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by deficiency of iodine in the diet by the inability of thyroid to use iodine or by relative iodine deficiency caused by increasing body demands |
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Term
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Definition
| simple or colloid; enlarged thyroid usually with no symptoms of dysfunction; may be from food/drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| one or more areas of hyperplasia; appears to develop from food/drugs |
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Term
| extreme state of hyperthyroidism that is rare with improved diagnosis and treatment; can occur with untreated hyperthyroidism or those who have experienced a stressor (infection, trauma, etc.); life threatening |
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Definition
thyroid crisis
thyroid storm
thyrotoxicosis |
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Term
| why is thyroid storm common after thyroid surgery? |
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Definition
| the manipulation of the thyroid gland during surgery causes it to dump a large amount of TH into the blood stream at one time, causing extreme symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| tachycardia, systolic HTN, and hyperthermia, GI symptoms, may also have agitatioin, restlessness, tremors, confusion, psychosis, delirium, and seizures, respiratory distress may also occur due to edema or internal bleeding |
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Term
| how is thyrotoxicosis treated? |
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Definition
1st: relief of respiratory distress
2- stabilize cardiac status
3- reduce TH (antithyroid meds, corticosteroids, sodium iodide, Inderal) |
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Term
| Nursing considerations for thyrotoxicosis |
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Definition
| VITAL SIGNS VERY IMPORTANT |
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Term
| signs of respiratory distress |
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Definition
| changes in resp. rate and depth along with restlessness |
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Term
| t/f: it may be necessary to perform emergency tracheostomy at bedside during thyrotoxicosis |
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Definition
| true; due to resp. distress |
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Term
| inflammation of the thyroid gland as a result of a viral infection (esp. in children) |
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Definition
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Term
| why is Lugols solution taken with a straw? |
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Definition
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Term
| nursing considerations for antithyroid meds |
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Definition
| monitor for hypothyroidism |
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Term
| t/f: pregnant women cannot receive radioactive thyroid therapy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| nursing considerations for checking for hemorrhage post-op thyroidectomy |
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Definition
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