Term
| THE THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ARE TO HELP MAINTAIN(?) ACTS IN CONCERT WITH (?)AND IS THE MAJOR REGULATOR OF (?) |
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Definition
-HOMEOSTASIS
-ANS
-GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT |
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Term
| THE ORGANS ON THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ARE (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME THE THREE TYPES OF SPECIALIZED CHEMICALS PRODUCED BY THE ENDOCRINE CELL OR TISSUE THAT IS SECRETED INTO THE BLOOD STREAM |
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Definition
-LIPID SOLUBLE STEROIDS
-DERIVATIVES OF AMINO ACIDS
-WATER SOLUBLE PROTEINS OR PEPTIDES |
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Term
| NAME THE TEN MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS |
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Definition
-HYPOTHALAMUS
-PINEAL GLAND
-PITUITARY GLAND
-THYROID GLAND
-PARATHYROID
-THYMUS
-ADRENAL GLAND
-PANCREAS
-OVARIES
-TESTES |
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Term
| THE (?) GLAND REGULATES LEVEL OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE IN THE BLOOD STREAM |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| THE (?) REGULATES GROWTH AND METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF OTHER GLANDS |
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Definition
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Term
| THE (?) REGULATES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)PRODUCES OVA AND FEMALE SEX HORMONES |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)PRODUCES SPERM AND MALE SEX HORMONES |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)AFFECTS METABOLISM, BLOOD PRESSURE, Na AND K LEVELS |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)CONTROLS THE RATE OF METABOLISM |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)REGULATES ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)PROCESSES DEVELOPING T AND B CELLS |
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Definition
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Term
| CHANGES IN THE BODY OR THE ENVIRONMENT ARE FED BACK THROUGH A CIRCULAR SYSTEM INTO A CENTRAL CONTROL UNIT(BRAIN) WHERE ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)PRODUCES A RESPONSE THAT REDUCES THE INITIATING STIMULUS. |
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Definition
| -NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM |
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Term
| (?)PRODUCES A RESPONSE THAT REINFORCES THE INITIATING STIMULUS. THIS SYSTEM IS RARE IN ANIMALS BECAUSE IT IS UNSTABLE AND MAY LEAD TO OVERPRODUCTION. |
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Definition
| -POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM |
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Term
| THE ONLY AREA IN THE HUMAN THAT YOU WOULD FIND A POSITIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM IS WITH THE (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| ALTHOUGH ALL MAJOR HORMONES CIRCULATE TO VIRTUALLY ALL TISSUES, A GIVEN HORMONE INFLUENCES THE ACTIVITY OF ONLY CERTAIN TISSUES CELLS, REFERRED TO AS ITS (?)CELLS |
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Definition
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Term
| FOR A TARGET CELL TO RESPOND TO A HORMONE, IT MUST HAVE SPECIFIC PROTEIN (?)ON ITS PLASMA MEMBRANE OR IN ITS INTERIOR TO WHICH THAT HORMONE CAN BIND |
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Definition
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Term
| TARGET CELL ACTIVATION BY HORMONE-RECEPTOR INTERACTION DEPENDS EQUALLY ON WHAT THREE FACTORS? |
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Definition
-1.BLOOD LEVELS OF THE HORMONE
-2. THE RELATIVE NUMBER OF RECEPTORS FOR THAT HORMONE ON OR IN THE TARGET CELLS.
-3. THE AFFINITY (STRENGTH) OF THE BOND BETWEEN THE HORMONE AND THE RECEPTOR |
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Term
| HORMONES BRING OUT THE CHARACTERISTICS EFFECTS ON TARGET CELLS BY(?)OR(?)CELL ACTIVITY. THE PRECISE RESPONSE IS DICTATED BY THE TARGET CELL TYPE. |
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Definition
| -INCREASING OR DECREASING |
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Term
| NAME THE THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENDOCRINE GLAND STIMULI. |
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Definition
-HUMORAL STIMULI
-NEURAL STIMULI
-HORMONAL STIMULI |
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Term
| WHEN NERVE FIBERS STIMULATE HORMONE RELEASE, THESE STIMULI ARE CALLED(?) |
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Definition
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Term
| WHEN ENDOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE THEIR HORMONES IN DIRECT RESPONSE TO CHANGING BLOOD LEVELS OF CERTAIN IONS AND NUTRIENTS, THIS STIMULI IS CALLED? |
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Definition
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Term
| MANY ENDOCRINE GLANDS RELEASE THEIR HORMONES IN RESPONSE TO HORMONES PRODUCED BY OTHER ENDOCRINE ORGANS, THIS TYPE OF STIMULI IS CALLED(?) |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME FIVE CHANGES THAT A HORMONAL STIMULUS TYPICALLY PRODUCES. |
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Definition
-1. CHANGES IN PLASMA MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY AND/OR ELECTRICAL STATE BY OPENING OR CLOSING ION CHANNELS
-2. SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS OR CERTAIN REGULATORY MOLECULES(SUCH AS ENZYMES) WITHIN THE CELL
-3.ENZYME ACTIVATION OR DEACTIVATION
-4.STIMULATION OF MITOSIS |
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Term
| THE CONCENTRATION OF A CIRCULATING HORMONE IN BLOOD AT ANY TIME REFLECTS ITS RATE OF RELEASE AND THE SPEED OF ITS INACTIVATION AND REMOVAL FROM THE BODY. AS A RESULT, THE PERSISTENCE OF A HORMONE IN THE BLOOD IS REFERRED TO AS IT'S (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME THE MECHANISM WHERE HORMONES BIND TO FIXED RECEPTORS ON THE TARGET CELL |
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Definition
| -FIXED MEMBRANE RECEPTOR MECHANISM |
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Term
| NAME THE MECHANISM WHERE HORMONES BIND TO UNFIXED RECEPTORS INSIDE THE TARGET CELL |
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Definition
| -MOBILE MEMBRANE RECEPTOR MECHANISM |
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Term
| NAME THE FIVE TYPES OF MOBILE RECEPTOR HORMONES. |
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Definition
-CORTISOL
-ESTROGEN
-PROGESTERONE
-TESTOSTERONE
-THYROXINE |
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Term
| MOBILE RECEPTOR HORMONES ARE CHARACTERISTIC OF(?)HORMONES BECAUSE THEY ARE THE ONLY HORMONES THAT CAN BIND TO UNFIXED RECEPTORS INSIDE THE TARGET CELL. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHY IS IT ODD THAT THYROXINE IS CONSIDERED A MOBILE RECEPTOR HORMONE? |
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Definition
| -BECAUSE THYROXINE IS DERIVED FROM TYROSINE, WHICH IS A WATER SOLUBLE AMINO ACID, NOT A STEROID. |
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Term
| NAME THE ONE HORMONE THAT IS BOTH A MOBILE AND FIXED RECEPTOR HORMONE? |
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Definition
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Term
| ALL HORMONES OTHER THAN PROLACTIN AND STEROIDAL HORMONES ARE CONSIDERED(?) |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN AMINO ACID HORMONE AND A PROTEIN HORMONE? |
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Definition
| -AN AMINO ACID IS A SINGLE AMINO ACID, WHEREAS A PROTEIN IS A POLYPEPTIDE(AMINO ACIDS STRUNG TOGETHER) |
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Term
| AN ENDOCRINE GLAND THAT IS DERIVED FROM THE ENDODERM SECRETES A (?) |
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Definition
| -WATER SOLUBLE PROTEIN OR PEPTIDE |
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Term
| AN ENDOCRINE GLAND THAT IS DERIVED FROM THE ECTODERM SECRETES AN (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| AN ENDOCRINE GLAND THAT IS DERIVED FROM THE MESODERM SECRETES A (?) |
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Definition
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Term
| THE(?)CONNECTS THE PITUITARY GLAND TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS? |
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Definition
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Term
| THE PITUITARY GLAND IS SECURELY SEATED IN THE (?)OF THE SPHENOID |
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Definition
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Term
| THE TWO HORMONES RELEASED BY THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY ARE (?)AND (?). THEY ARE SYNTHESIZED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND RELEASED FROM NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. |
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Definition
| -OXYTOCIN AND ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) |
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Term
| (?)FROM THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY STIMULATES CONTRACTION OF PREGNANT UTERUS. IT ALSO STIMULATES MILK EJECTION FROM BREASTS AFTER CHILDBIRTH. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)FROM THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY INCREASES WATER ABSORPTION THERE FROM THE KIDNEY TUBULES AND RAISES BLOOD PRESSURE |
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Definition
| -ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE(ADH) |
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Term
| THERE IS NO DIRECT NEURAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY AND THE HYPOTHALAMUS, BUT THERE IS A VASCULAR CONNECTION VIA THE(?) |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME THE SEVEN HORMONES SECRETED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY. |
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Definition
-GROWTH HORMONE
-PROLACTIN
-THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
-ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE
-LEUTINZING HORMONE
-FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE
-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE |
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Term
| NAME THE SEVEN HORMONES SECRETED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY. |
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Definition
-GH
-PROLACTIN
-TSH
-ACTH
-LH
-FSH
-MSH |
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Term
| (?), PRODUCED BY THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, STIMULATES GROWTH OF BONE AND MUSCLE. PROMOTES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, FAT MOBILIZATION AND SLOWS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE (GHRH)HYPOTHALMIC GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE AND THE (GHIG)GROWTH HORMONE INHIBITING HORMONE. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?),SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, PROMOTES BREAST DEVELOPMENT DURING PREGNANCY AND PROMOTES MILK PRODUCTION AFTER CHILDBIRTH. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE HYPOTHALAMIC PROLACTIN INHIBITING HORMONE (PIH) AND THE HYPOTHALAMIC PROLACTIN RELEASING HORMONE (PRH) |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY,STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF THYROID HORMONES. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE HYPOTHALAMIC THRYOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) |
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Definition
| -THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) |
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Term
| (?)SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE HYPOTHALAMIC CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE(CRH) |
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Definition
| ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) |
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Term
| (?)SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, STIMULATES THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPUS LUTEUM, STIMULATES RELEASE OF OOCYTES AND STIMULATES PRODUCTION OF PROGESTEONE AND ESTROGEN IN A FEMALE. IN A MALE, IT STIMULATES THE SECDRETION OF TESTOSTERONE AND STIMULATES DEVELOPMENT OF INTERSTITIAL TISSUE OF TESTES. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE HYPOTHALAMIC GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE(GnRH) |
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Definition
| -LEUTINIZING HORMONE (LH) |
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Term
| (?)IT IS SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, STIMULATES GROWTH OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE AND STIMULATES OVULATION IN A FEMALE. IN A MALE IT STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION. IT IS CONTROLLED BY HYPOTHALAMIC GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE(GnRH) |
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Definition
| -FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) |
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Term
| (?)SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, IS INVOLVED WITH SKIN COLOR (MELANOCYTES) IN COMBINATION WITH ACTH. HOW IT IS CONTROLLED IS UNCERTAIN. |
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Definition
| -MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE (MSH) |
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Term
| THE(?)GLAND IS THE LARGEST PURE ENDOCRINE GLAND IN THE BODY. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)AND(?)HORMONES SECRETED BY THE FOLLICULAR CELLS OF THE THYROID, INCREASE METABOLIC RATE, MATURATION AND HOMEOSTASIS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE. THESE HORMONES ARE STIMULATED BY (TSH)FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY, WHICH IS REGULATED BY (TRH) FROM THE BRAIN. |
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Definition
| -THYROXINE(T4)AND TRIIODOTHYROXINE(T3) |
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Term
| (?)SECRETED FROM THE PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS OF THE THYROID, LOWERS BLOOD CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS LEVELS. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)SECRETED BY THE PARATHYROID INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION AND DECREASES BLOOD PHOSPHATE LEVEL. IT ACTS ON BONE, INTESTINE, KIDNEY, AND OTHER CELLS. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION LEVELS. |
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Definition
| -PARATHYROID HORMONE(PTH) |
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Term
| NAME THE TWO HORMONES SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA. |
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Definition
| -EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE |
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Term
| (?)SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA(?) INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE, REGULATES DIAMETER ARTERIOLES, STIMULATES CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLES, AND INCREASES BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE SNS. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA, CONSTRICTS ARTERIOLES AND INCREASES METABOLIC RATE. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE SNS |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME THE THREE HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX. |
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Definition
-GLUCOCORTICOIDS
-MINERAL CORTICOIDS
-GONADOCORTICOIDS |
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Term
| WHAT SECTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ARE THE MINERALOCORTICOIDS PRODUCED IN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT SECTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ARE THE GLUCOCORTICOIDS PRODUCED IN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT SECTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ARE THE GONADOCORTICOIDS PRODUCED IN? |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), SECRETED BY THE ADRENAL CORTEX, CONSISTING OF CORTISOL, CORTICOSTERONE AND 11-DEOXYCORTIOSTERONE, AFFECTS METABOLISM OF ALL NUTRIENTS. IT REGULATES BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION, AFFECTS GROWTH, DECREASED AFFECTS OF STRESS, AFFECTS ACTH SECRETION, AND HAS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND AUTO-IMMUNE EFFECTS. CORTISOL RELEASE IS PROMPTED BY ACTH AND CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE. (CRH) FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS TRIGGERS CORTISOL RELEASE. RISING LEVELS OF CORTISOL THEN PREVENT (CRH) RELEASE AND SHUT OFF (ACTH) AND CORTISOL SECRETION. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX, MAINLY ALDOSTERONE, CONTROLS SODIUM RETENTION AND k+ LOSS IN KIDNEY TUBULES. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE BLOOD K+ CONCENTRATION AND ANGIOTENSIN-II. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), ADRENAL SE X HORMONES FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX HAS A SLIGHT AFFECT ON OVARIES AND TESTES. IT IS CONTROLLED BY ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH). |
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Definition
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Term
| THE PANCREAS IS A MIXED GLAND COMPOSED OF ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE CELLS. THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS IS TO ASSIST WITH(?) |
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Definition
| -DIGESTION, PRODUCE AND ENZYME-RICH JUICE THAT IS DUCTED INTO THE SMALL INTESTINE DURING FOOD DIGESTION. |
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Term
| (?), SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS, FACILITATES GLUCOSE TRANSPORT ACROSS PLASMA MEMBRANES AND LOWERS BLOOD GLUCOSE. IT INCREASES GLYCONGEN STORAGE WHICH ALSO LOWERS GLUCOSE. IT AFFECTS MUSCLE, LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION. IT IS FOUND IN THE BETA CELLS IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), SECRETED BY THE PANCREAS, INCREASES BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION AND IS CONTROLLED BY BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION. IT IS FOUND IN THE ALPHA CELLS OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), SECRETED BY THE FOLLICLE OF THE OVARIES, DEVELOPS SEX ORGANS AND FEMALE CHARACTERISTICS. IT INITIATES DEVELOPMENT OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES. IT IS CONTROLLED BY (FSH). |
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Definition
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Term
| (?), SECRETED BY THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE OVARIES, INFLUENCES MENSTRUAL CYCLE, STIMULATES GROWTH OF UTERINE WALL AND MAINTAINS PREGNANCY. IT IS CONTROLLED BY THE LEUTENIZING HORMONE(LH). |
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Definition
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Term
| (?),(?) AND (?) ARE SECRETED BY THE PLACENTA TO MAINTAIN PREGNANCY. |
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Definition
-ESTROGEN
-PROGESTERONE
-(HCG) HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN |
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Term
| (?), MAINLY TESTOSTERONE, IS SECRETED FROM THE TESTES. IT AFFECTS DEVELOPMENT OF SEX ORGANS AND MALE CHARACTERISTICS. IT AIDS IN SPERM PRODUCTION. IT IS CONTROLLED BY (LH). |
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Definition
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Term
| HORMONES FROM THE THYMUS HELP DEVELOP (?) IN THE THE THYMUS. |
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Definition
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Term
| NAME THE THREE ENDOCRINE HORMONES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. |
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Definition
-SECRETION
-GASTRIN
-CHOLECYSTOKINASE(CCK) |
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Term
| (?), STIMULATES RELEASE OF PANCREATIC JUICE TO NEUTRALIZE STOMACH ACID. IT IS CONTROLLED BY ACID IN THE SMALL INTESTINE. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?) PRODUCES DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND HYDROCHLORICACID IN THE STOMACH. IT IS CONTROLLED BY FOOD ENTERING THE STOMACH. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)STIMULATES THE RELEASE OF PANCREATIC ENZYMES AND GALLBLADDER CONTRACTION.IT IS CONTROLLED BY FOOD IN THE DUODENUM. |
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Definition
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Term
| (?)IS THE HORMONE OF THE HEART.IT HELPS MAINTAIN BALANCE OF FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES. IT DECREASES BP AND VOLUME. IT IS CONTROLLED WITH SALT CONCENTRATION, BP, AND BLOOD VOLUME. |
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Definition
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Term
| CALCITONIN ACTS DIRECTLY ON OSTEOCLASTS TO (?)THEM FROM REMOVING CALCIUM FROM BONE MATRIX. THIS INCREASES THE MOVEMENT OF CALCIUM FROM BLOOD INTO BONES. |
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Definition
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Term
| PARATHORMONE,PRODUCED BY THE PARATHYROID, ACTS DIRECTLY ON OSTEOCLASTS TO (?) THEM TO PREVENT THE REABSORBTION OF CALCIUM FROM BONE MATRIX |
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Definition
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Term
| IMPROPER BALANCE OF CALCIUM ION AND PHOSPHATE ION IN THE BLOOD CAN CAUSE(?),(?),(?)AND(?). |
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Definition
-FAULTY TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES
-DESTRUCTION OF BONE TISSUE
-HAMPERED BONE GROWTH
-MUSCLE TETANY |
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