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| regulates primative functions of the body from water balance/thermoregulation to sex drive and childbirth. Responsible for secretion of hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary. |
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| Synthesizes and secretes six hormones: FSH, LH, TSH, ACTH, PRL, and GH. Usually targeted to other part of the endocrine system somewhere in the body. No nervous connection to the hypothalamus, but is linked by blood vessels. |
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| Synthesized hormones from the hypothalamus are stored here, and then released when needed. Hormones are ADH and OT. |
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| Largest endocrine system in adults. Composed of sacs called follicles, each filled with colloid that release thyroxine (iodine focus). Secreted in response to TSH from anterior pituitary. |
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| Composed of three different layers that secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and conadocorticoids. (each layer different hormone, all steroids). |
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| Acts as both an endocrine gland and ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. Acts with sympathetic division through release of epinepherine and norepinepherine |
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| Primarily an exocrine digestive gland, contains cell clusters call inlets containing Alpha cells that produce Glucagon and Beta Cells that produce Insulin. |
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| Antidiuretic Hormone found in posterior pituitary. Increases water retention in the kidneys, reduces urine volume, and helps prevent dehydration. |
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| Oxytocin produced in posterior pituitary. Surges during sexual arousal, orgasm, functions in sexual satisfaction feeling and emotional bonding, mamary gland flow, and labor contractions |
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone found in anterior pituitary gland. Targets the adrenal cortex, and stimulates the cortex to secrete hormones that regulate glucose, protein, and fat metabolism in response to stress. |
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| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone found in hypothalamus. Released and reaches the thryotropin where it stimulates TSH and PRL from the anterior pituitary |
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| Thyroid stimulating hormone found in the anterior pituitary. Stimulates growth of the thyroid gland and secretion of thyroid hormone that affects metabolic rate/body temperature. |
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| Growth Hormone found in the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates mitosis and cellular differentiation to promote tissue growth throughout body. Includes protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and electrolyte balance. |
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| Thyroid Hormone that is secreted from the thyroid gland. Refers to both T4 (98% secretion) and T3 (more physiologically active form converted in target cells). Secreted in response to ASH from anterior pituitary, raises oxygen consumption and heat production |
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| Secreted from Alpha cells in pancreas in-between meals when blood glucose is falling Stimulates gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and release of glucose into circulation. Also promotes amino acid absorption |
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| Secreted from Beta cells in the pancreas following a meal. Stimulates cells to absorb and store/metabolize nutrients. Lowers blood glucose level, and antagonizes the effects of glucagon. |
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| Released from the adrenal cortex, and stimulates fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, stress resistance, and tissue repair in cases of stress. Immuno-respression. |
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| A mineralocorticoid found in the adrenal cortex. Targets the kidney specifically to promote Sodium and water retention/Potassium excretion. maintains the blood pressure and the volume necessary. |
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| Most abundant hormone in the adrenal medulla, response to flight-or-fight to increse alertness and make body aware for physical activity via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Said to inhibit secretion of insulin |
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| Minor part of adrenal medulla, ready the body for physical activity in flight-or-fight situations via glycogenolysis and glucneogensis. |
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| Steroid hormones, include adrenal cortex hormones that must bind to plasma proteins to get to their destination. Diffuse through membrane and bind directly to a receptor on a nucleus. Controls transcription through regulation. |
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| Amino-acid based hormones, travels with the blood and binds to the membrane. Acts via a 2ndary messenger that leads to an enzyme cascade |
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| Best known 2nd messenger of amino-based hormone responses. Leads ultimately to the activation of enzymes that hydrolyze glycogen stored in the cell |
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| Found in the pancreas, produce insulin when glucose and amino acid levels are rising to promote storage or rapid metabolism. |
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| secrete glucagon between meals when glucose levels are low in blood to stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis from stored parts |
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| Makes up the T4 and T3 hormones found in the thyroid gland. By removing one iodine from T4, T3 can enter the nucleus and activate genetic transcription. |
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