Term
| What is the function of the Endocrine System |
|
Definition
Communicate
between cells and
integrate cellular
activity to maintain
body homeostasis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between the Endocrine cells and Exocrine cells |
|
Definition
Endocrine cells
• Glandular secretory cells that release their secretions
into ECF – uses hormones
Exocrine cells
• Secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces |
|
|
Term
| What is Autocrine Intercellular Communication |
|
Definition
– Local effect on
same cell type |
|
|
Term
| What is Paracrine Intercellular Communication |
|
Definition
Local effect on
other types of
cells |
|
|
Term
What are 3 Groups of
Hormones |
|
Definition
• amino acids - Small molecules
structurally
related to
Individual
amino acids
• peptide & protein
hormones - Chains of
amino acids
– Synthesized as
prohormones - Carbon rings
and side chains,
built from fatty
acids or
cholesterol
• lipid derivatives |
|
|
Term
How do hormones get from endocrine organ to
target cell? |
|
Definition
Hydrophilic – unbound
– ex. E, NE, dopamine
– Must bind to
receptor on cell
membrane
• Hydrophobic – bound
to transport protein
– ex. steroids
– Lipid soluble
– Diffuse across
membrane to
receptors inside cell |
|
|
Term
Secreted hormones cause changes in
receptor number on target cells via |
|
Definition
Up regulation
– Target cell makes more
receptors
– Example: estrogen causes
uterus to make more
receptors for progesterone
• Down regulation
– Target cell destroys
receptors
– Example: progesterone
causes uterus to destroy
estrogen receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acts as an
enzyme activator, inhibitor or
cofactor |
|
|
Term
Link between 1st & 2nd
messenger: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Amplification & Cascade Effect |
|
Definition
Binding of
small # of
hormone
molecules
leads to
appearance
of thousands
of 2nd
messengers |
|
|
Term
| what connects the Hypothalamus & pituitary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of the pituitary gland has more blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for the Pituitary Gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many hormones are released by the pituitary gland |
|
Definition
9 (2 from posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)
– 7 from anterior lobe (adenohypophysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH),Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH),Gonadotropins:
– Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
– Lutenizing hormone
(LH), Prolactin (PRL),Prolactin-inhibiting
hormone (PIH) (from
hypothalamus), Prolatin-releasing factors
(PRF) (from hypothalamus),Growth hormone (GH), Somatomedins or insulin-like growth factors
(IGFs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Oxytocin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone, Targets thyroid &
triggers release of
thyroid hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic
Stimulates release
of steroid hormones
by adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Follicle-stimulating
hormone
Stimulates
speratogenesis
• Follicle dev.
• Stimulates
estrogen
production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lutenizing hormone
Induces ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolactin, Milk production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prolactin-inhibiting
hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolatin-releasing factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Growth hormone, Stimulates cell growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| insulin-like growth factors, synthesized & released by liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Posterior Lobe Hypothalmus, Antidiuretic Hormone, Decreases amount of water
lost at kidneys
• Elevates blood pressure
• Release inhibited by alcohol
• Hyposecretion Diabetes
insipidus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Posterior Lobe, Stimulates contractile
cells in mammary glands
• Stimulates smooth
muscles in uterus
• Secretion and milk
ejection are part of
neuroendocrine reflex |
|
|
Term
| What Hormones are produced in the adrenal medula |
|
Definition
| Epinephrine and noepinephrine |
|
|
Term
| What Hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex |
|
Definition
| cortisol and corticosterone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. It stimulates osteoclasts:
– releases Ca2+ from bone
2. It inhibits osteoblasts:
– reduces rate of calcium deposition in bone
3. It enhances reabsorption of Ca2+ at
kidneys, reducing urinary loss
4. It stimulates formation and secretion of
calcitriol at kidneys
– Enhances Ca2+, PO4
3— absorption by gut |
|
|
Term
| When blood glucose levels rise: |
|
Definition
beta cells secrete insulin, stimulates
transport of glucose across cell
membranes |
|
|
Term
| When blood glucose levels decline |
|
Definition
alpha cells secrete glucagons, stimulates
glucose release by liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Accelerates glucose uptake
2. Accelerates glucose utilization and
enhanced ATP production
3. Stimulates glycogen formation
4. Stimulates amino acid absorption and
protein synthesis
5. Stimulates triglyceride formation in
adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Stimulates breakdown of glycogen in
skeletal muscle and liver cells
2. Stimulates breakdown of triglycerides in
adipose tissue
3. Stimulates production of glucose in liver |
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