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| includes cells, tissues, organs that secrete hormones directly into body fluids examples: pituitary, thyroid, adrendal |
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| secrete to the outside of the body or to an internal space that empties to the outside of the body example: sweat, salivary |
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| General characteristics of hormones |
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| regulate metabolism, coordinate cell/organ system activities, homeostasis, reproduction, adaptation to stresss |
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| Lipid based that can cross the cell membrane easily; bind to receptors in the nucleus Target cells |
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| made of various proteins and binds at the cell membrane Target cells |
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| less specific target cells and act on cells in the organ that produces, very powerful in small amounts; synthesized just before release |
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| Estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol |
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| Hormone secretion - all use negative feed back |
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| Hormonal, Neural, Chemical |
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| (anterior pituitary) increases cell size and cell division by enhancing amino acid movement across cell membrane |
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| (anterior pituitary) stimulates milk production following childbirth; continues use of the milk stimulates ongoing production |
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| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
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| (anterior pituitary) Controls release of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland |
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| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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| (anterior pituitary)controls secretions of hormones from the adrenal cortex |
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| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
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| (anterior pituitary)gonadotropic - acts on gonads(ovaries and testes) |
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| (anterior pituitary) same as male ICSH - stimulates cells in the ovaries and testes |
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| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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(posterior pituitary) decreases the amount of urine formation to conserve water. Hypothalamus senses the amount of water in the blood
Caffeine and Alcohol doesn't make ADH work. |
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| (posterior pituitary) smooth muscle contraction of uterine wall during childbirth; also acts on the mammary glands during lacation |
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| regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, regulates protein synthesis and stimulates nervous system THYROID GLAND |
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| regulates metabolism of carbohydrates, regulates protein synthesis and stimulates nervous 5 times more potent than T4 THYROID GLAND |
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| THYROID GLAND lowers blood calcium by inhibiting release from bone and increasing excretion from kidneys |
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| caused by hypothyroidism in childhood stunted growth, abnormal bone formation, retarded mental development |
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| important for normal production of thyroid hormone |
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| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
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| APRATHYROID GLANDS increases calcium in the blood by causing the bone to release more calcium, the kidney to conserve Calcium, and the intestine to absorb more calcium |
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| lies at the top of the kidneys. The Medulla is the inner portion and the cortex in the outer part |
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| Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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| MEDULLA this is our fight or flight response stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system |
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| ADRENAL CORTEX a mineralocorticoid(steroid) regulates mineral electrolytes by conserving Sodium and excreting Potossum; this conserves water and maintain blood pressure; the concentrations of NA+ and K+ regulate aldosterone |
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| ADRENAL GLAND a glucocorticoid (steroid) regulates glucose metabolism by stimulating the liver to make glucose from non-carbohydrates and increasing fatty acid release |
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| ADRENAL CORTEX sex hormones from the gonads; may be converted to estrogen in females |
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| Lies behind the stomach and is an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland |
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| groups of pancreatic cells that are closely associated with blood vessels, includes 2 types of cells...alpha and beta |
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| PANCREAS produce glucagon to raise blood sugar. Acts on glycogen stored in the liver |
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| PANCREAS produce insulin which causes the liver to form glycogen and glucose to move into the cells |
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PEINEAL GLAND regulates circadian rhythms(patterns of activity)like day and night and female menstrual cycle
Controlled by amount of light reaching the retina; less light=more melatonin |
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| PANCREAS - stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and convert certain non-carbohydrates. Elevates blood glucose |
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| THYMUS the production of certain types of WBC and plays an important part of immunity |
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