Term
|
Definition
| Molecule secreted into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland. Affects distant target cells. |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine regulation time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ductless gland that secretes hormones, which are picked up by capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polypeptide with a ligand-specific binding site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Signaling molecule that modifies the activity of the cell that secreted it.
ex: Interleukin 2 secreted by a T cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type: Peptides & Amino Acid derivatives.
Synthesis: Synthesized in RER & modified in Golgi.
Storage: Stored in vesicles until needed & released via exocytosis.
Transport: Dissolve in plasma.
Receptor: Bind to receptors on cell surface.
Cellular Effects: Function of proteins in cytoplasm is changed. Rapid effects, short-lived. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type: Steroid Hormones.
Synthesis: Synthesized from cholesterol in the SER
Storage: None
Transport: Bind to proteins in plasma.
Receptor: Bind to receptors in cellular interior & travels into nucleus.
Cellular Effects: Acts as sequence-specific regulator of transcription. Changes amount and/or type of proteins in cell. Effects exerted over period of days, last days to weeks. |
|
|
Term
| Peptide Hormones: Polypeptides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peptide Hormones: Amino acid derivatives |
|
Definition
ex: tyrosine is the parent AA for catecholamines & thyroid hormones.
Catecholamines: Act like peptide hormones.
Thyroid hormones: Act like steroid hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endocrine System Function & Control |
|
Definition
| Maintain homeostasis. Under automatic control by the Hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
| Tropic Hormones (Releasing & Inhibiting Hormones) |
|
Definition
Hormones that regulate hormones
ex: ACTH |
|
|
Term
| Hypothalamic-Pituitary Control Axis |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary and the anterior pituitary controls most of the endocrine system. |
|
|
Term
| Hypothalamic -Pituitary Portal System |
|
Definition
Miniature circulatory system provided for efficient transport of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors to the anterior pituitary.
Contains 2 capillary beds in sequence to allow for direct communication between nearby structures. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis) |
|
Definition
| Controlled by tropic hormones. |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Pituitary (neurohypophysis) |
|
Definition
| Hormones are made in somas of hypothalamus and transported down axons into the posterior pituitary where they are stored. |
|
|
Term
| Releasing & Inhibiting Factors |
|
Definition
Class: Peptides
Secreting Gland: Hypothalamus
Target: Anterior pituitary
Effect: Modify activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target: N/A
Effect: Increase bone & muscle growth. Increase cell turnover rate. |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Thyroid
Effect: Increase synthesis & release of Thyroid Hormone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class:
Secreting Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Mammary Gland
Effect: Milk production |
|
|
Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Adrenal Cortex
Effect: Increase growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex (stimulate secretion of Cortisol). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Ovary/Testes
Effect: Ovulation/Testosterone synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Anterior Pituitary
Target: Ovary/Testes
Effect: Follicle development/Spermatogenesis. |
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/Vasopressin) |
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Target: Kidney (Epithelial cells of Distal Nephron)
Effect: Water retention
*Secreted when plasma volume is too low, b.p. is too low, of plasma osmolarity is too high |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Posterior Pituitary
Target: Breast/Uterus
Effect: Milk letdown/Contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Modified AA (acts like steroid)
Secreting Gland: Thyroid
Target: Child/Adult
Effect: Physical & Mental Development/Increase metabolic rate & temp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Thyroid C cells
Target: Bone & Kidney
Effect: Lowers serum [Ca2+] |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Parathyroids
Target: Bone, Kidney, & Small Intestine
Effect: Raises serum [Ca2+] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Thymus
Target: N/A
Effect: T cell development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Modified AA
Secreting Gland: Adrenal Medulla
Target: N/A
Effect: Sympathetic Stress Response (rapid) |
|
|
Term
| Cortisol (Glucocorticoid) |
|
Definition
Class: Steroid
Secreting Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Target: N/A
Effect: Longer-term stress response. Increase blood [glucose]. Increase protein catabolism. Mobilization of glycogen and fat stores. Decrease inflammation and immunity. |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid) |
|
Definition
Class: Steroid
Secreting Gland: Adrenal Cortex
Target: Kidney (Distal Nephron)
Effect: Increase Sodium reabsorption & Potassium secretion to increase b.p. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Steroid
Secreting Gland: Adrenal cortex
Target: N/A
Effect: Adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Endocrine Pancreas {Islets of Langerhans (Beta Cells)}
Target: N/A
Effect: Decrease blood [glucose]. Increase glycogen and fat storage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Endocrine Pancreas {Islets of Langerhans (Alpha Cells)}
Target: N/A
Effect: Increase blood [glucose]. Decrease Glycogen and fat storage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Endocrine Pancreas {Islets of Langerhans (Delta Cells)}
Target: N/A
Effect: Inhibits many digestive processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Steroid
Secreting Gland: Testes
Target: N/A
Effect: Male characteristics & spermatogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Steroid
Secreting Gland: Ovaries/Placenta
Target: N/A
Effect: Female characteristics & endometrial growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Steroid
Secreting Gland: Ovaries/Placenta
Target: N/A
Effect: Endometrial secretion & pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) |
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Heart
Target: Kidney
Effect: Increase urination to decrease b.p. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Class: Peptide
Secreting Gland: Kidney
Target: Bone Marrow
Effect: Increase RBC synthesis |
|
|
